Skip to content

Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2026

14 results

GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy before bariatric surgery: Effects on weight loss and body composition in clinical practice.

Gutiérrez-Medina S, Higuera I, Velasco G, Yagüe I, Sanchez E, Lapuente F, Lopesino JM, Escalada J, Guadalix S, de la Higuera M

Obesity research & clinical practice26 May 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone14

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, prior pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with greater preoperative weight loss than no prior GLP-1 treatment (5.1 plus or minus 4.9% versus 2.4 plus or minus 3.7%; P=0.005).

    In plain wordsBefore bariatric surgery, adults with pooled GLP-1 treatment had more weight loss than adults without prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    IncreasePreoperative weight loss
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Preoperative weight loss
    5.1%
    prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 4.9
    Preoperative weight loss
    2.4%
    no prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 3.7; P=0.005

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients treated with GLP1-RA achieved greater weight loss preoperatively (5.1% ± 4.9% vs. 2.4% ± 3.7%; p = 0.005) and at 1 month postoperatively (15.4% ± 5.2% vs. 13.0% ± 3.8%; p = 0.03), but not at 6 months.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, prior pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with greater preoperative weight loss than no prior GLP-1 treatment (5.1 plus or minus 4.9% versus 2.4 plus or minus 3.7%; P=0.005).

    In plain wordsBefore bariatric surgery, adults with pooled GLP-1 treatment had more weight loss than adults without prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    IncreasePreoperative weight loss
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Preoperative weight loss
    5.1%
    prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 4.9
    Preoperative weight loss
    2.4%
    no prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 3.7; P=0.005

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients treated with GLP1-RA achieved greater weight loss preoperatively (5.1% ± 4.9% vs. 2.4% ± 3.7%; p = 0.005) and at 1 month postoperatively (15.4% ± 5.2% vs. 13.0% ± 3.8%; p = 0.03), but not at 6 months.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, prior pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with greater one-month postoperative weight loss than no prior GLP-1 treatment (15.4 plus or minus 5.2% versus 13.0 plus or minus 3.8%; P=0.03).

    In plain wordsOne month after bariatric surgery, adults with pooled GLP-1 treatment had more weight loss than adults without prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    IncreaseWeight loss at 1 month postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    One-month postoperative weight loss
    15.4%
    prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 5.2
    One-month postoperative weight loss
    13%
    no prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 3.8; P=0.03

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients treated with GLP1-RA achieved greater weight loss preoperatively (5.1% ± 4.9% vs. 2.4% ± 3.7%; p = 0.005) and at 1 month postoperatively (15.4% ± 5.2% vs. 13.0% ± 3.8%; p = 0.03), but not at 6 months.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  4. 04HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, prior pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with greater one-month postoperative weight loss than no prior GLP-1 treatment (15.4 plus or minus 5.2% versus 13.0 plus or minus 3.8%; P=0.03).

    In plain wordsOne month after bariatric surgery, adults with pooled GLP-1 treatment had more weight loss than adults without prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    IncreaseWeight loss at 1 month postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    One-month postoperative weight loss
    15.4%
    prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 5.2
    One-month postoperative weight loss
    13%
    no prior GLP-1 treatment; plus or minus 3.8; P=0.03

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients treated with GLP1-RA achieved greater weight loss preoperatively (5.1% ± 4.9% vs. 2.4% ± 3.7%; p = 0.005) and at 1 month postoperatively (15.4% ± 5.2% vs. 13.0% ± 3.8%; p = 0.03), but not at 6 months.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy showed no weight-loss difference at six months versus no prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults after bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 treatment showed no six-month weight loss difference versus no prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss at 6 months postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients treated with GLP1-RA achieved greater weight loss preoperatively (5.1% ± 4.9% vs. 2.4% ± 3.7%; p = 0.005) and at 1 month postoperatively (15.4% ± 5.2% vs. 13.0% ± 3.8%; p = 0.03), but not at 6 months.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  6. 06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy showed no weight-loss difference at six months versus no prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults after bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 treatment showed no six-month weight loss difference versus no prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss at 6 months postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients treated with GLP1-RA achieved greater weight loss preoperatively (5.1% ± 4.9% vs. 2.4% ± 3.7%; p = 0.005) and at 1 month postoperatively (15.4% ± 5.2% vs. 13.0% ± 3.8%; p = 0.03), but not at 6 months.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  7. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, prior pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with lower preoperative fat mass than no prior GLP-1 treatment (53.3 kg, 95% CI 50.7-56.0 versus 58.6 kg, 95% CI 56.6-60.5; P=0.01).

    In plain wordsBefore bariatric surgery, adults with pooled GLP-1 treatment had less fat mass than adults without prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    DecreaseFat mass before bariatric surgery
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body composition · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Preoperative fat mass
    53.3 kg
    prior GLP-1 treatment; 95% CI 50.7-56.0
    Preoperative fat mass
    58.6 kg
    no prior GLP-1 treatment; 95% CI 56.6-60.5; P=0.01

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prior to BS, fat mass was lower in the GLP1-RA group (53.3 kg [95% CI 50.7-56.0] vs. 58.6 kg [95% CI 56.6-60.5]; p = 0.01), whereas no differences in lean mass or body composition were observed at 6 months between the two groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  8. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, prior pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with lower preoperative fat mass than no prior GLP-1 treatment (53.3 kg, 95% CI 50.7-56.0 versus 58.6 kg, 95% CI 56.6-60.5; P=0.01).

    In plain wordsBefore bariatric surgery, adults with pooled GLP-1 treatment had less fat mass than adults without prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    DecreaseFat mass before bariatric surgery
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body composition · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Preoperative fat mass
    53.3 kg
    prior GLP-1 treatment; 95% CI 50.7-56.0
    Preoperative fat mass
    58.6 kg
    no prior GLP-1 treatment; 95% CI 56.6-60.5; P=0.01

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prior to BS, fat mass was lower in the GLP1-RA group (53.3 kg [95% CI 50.7-56.0] vs. 58.6 kg [95% CI 56.6-60.5]; p = 0.01), whereas no differences in lean mass or body composition were observed at 6 months between the two groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  9. 09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy showed no difference in lean mass at six months versus no prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults after bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 treatment showed no six-month lean mass difference versus no prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    No significant changeLean mass at 6 months postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body composition · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prior to BS, fat mass was lower in the GLP1-RA group (53.3 kg [95% CI 50.7-56.0] vs. 58.6 kg [95% CI 56.6-60.5]; p = 0.01), whereas no differences in lean mass or body composition were observed at 6 months between the two groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  10. 10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy showed no difference in lean mass at six months versus no prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults after bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 treatment showed no six-month lean mass difference versus no prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    No significant changeLean mass at 6 months postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body composition · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prior to BS, fat mass was lower in the GLP1-RA group (53.3 kg [95% CI 50.7-56.0] vs. 58.6 kg [95% CI 56.6-60.5]; p = 0.01), whereas no differences in lean mass or body composition were observed at 6 months between the two groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  11. 11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy showed no body-composition difference at six months versus no prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults after bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 treatment showed no six-month body composition difference versus no prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    No significant changeBody composition at 6 months postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body composition · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prior to BS, fat mass was lower in the GLP1-RA group (53.3 kg [95% CI 50.7-56.0] vs. 58.6 kg [95% CI 56.6-60.5]; p = 0.01), whereas no differences in lean mass or body composition were observed at 6 months between the two groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  12. 12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy showed no body-composition difference at six months versus no prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults after bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative GLP-1 treatment showed no six-month body composition difference versus no prior GLP-1 treatment.

    Outcome
    No significant changeBody composition at 6 months postoperatively
    Study

    n = 86

    Comparator
    No prior GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment
    Outcome group
    Body composition · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prior to BS, fat mass was lower in the GLP1-RA group (53.3 kg [95% CI 50.7-56.0] vs. 58.6 kg [95% CI 56.6-60.5]; p = 0.01), whereas no differences in lean mass or body composition were observed at 6 months between the two groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  13. 13HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery with preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy, adverse events were mild and mostly gastrointestinal symptoms.

    In plain wordsIn adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative liraglutide/semaglutide treatment was linked to mild, mostly gastrointestinal side effects.

    Outcome
    Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Adverse events were mild and mostly gastrointestinal symptoms.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  14. 14HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults undergoing bariatric surgery with preoperative GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy, adverse events were mild and mostly gastrointestinal symptoms.

    In plain wordsIn adults undergoing bariatric surgery, pooled preoperative liraglutide/semaglutide treatment was linked to mild, mostly gastrointestinal side effects.

    Outcome
    Not applicableGastrointestinal adverse events
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Adverse events were mild and mostly gastrointestinal symptoms.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Retrospective observational study of adults who underwent BS at Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Madrid) between 2017 and 2023.
    Summary · context
    Overall, 86 patients (mean age, 46.6 ± 12 years; 66% women) were included; 80.2% and 19.8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, respectively.
    Summary · context
    Preoperative GLP1-RA therapy (63.4% liraglutide and 36.6% semaglutide) was prescribed in 34.8% of patients for a mean of 21.7 ± 15.9 weeks.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.