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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2026

12 results

Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Alexander GC, Xiao X, Dilek S, Lewis S, Deng Q, Kim M, Bolanle D, Saldanha IJ, Mehta HB

JAMA internal medicine1 May 2026Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID41770554 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.8222 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41770554
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 9 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by race; the result is not specific to liraglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not liraglutide alone, weight loss was similar across races.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by race
    Study

    n = 25,229

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 9 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by race; the result is not specific to semaglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not semaglutide alone, weight loss was similar across races.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by race
    Study

    n = 25,229

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of 6 trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss was greater in women than in men; the result is not specific to liraglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not liraglutide alone, weight loss was greater in women than in men.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    MixedWeight loss by sex
    Study

    n = 19,906

    Comparator
    men
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    weight loss
    10.9%
    women
    weight loss
    6.8%
    men

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Among 6 trials (19 906 patients) analyzed by sex, weight loss was greater among women (10.9%; 95% CI, 7.0%-14.8%) than men (6.8%; 95% CI, 4.6%-9.0%).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  4. 04HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis of 6 trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss was greater in women than in men; the result is not specific to semaglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not semaglutide alone, weight loss was greater in women than in men.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    MixedWeight loss by sex
    Study

    n = 19,906

    Comparator
    men
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    weight loss
    10.9%
    women
    weight loss
    6.8%
    men

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Among 6 trials (19 906 patients) analyzed by sex, weight loss was greater among women (10.9%; 95% CI, 7.0%-14.8%) than men (6.8%; 95% CI, 4.6%-9.0%).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 15 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by baseline BMI; the result is not specific to liraglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not liraglutide alone, weight loss was similar across starting BMI levels.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by baseline BMI
    Study

    n = 9,473

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  6. 06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 15 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by baseline BMI; the result is not specific to semaglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not semaglutide alone, weight loss was similar across starting BMI levels.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by baseline BMI
    Study

    n = 9,473

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  7. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 7 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by ethnicity; the result is not specific to liraglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not liraglutide alone, weight loss was similar across ethnic groups.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by ethnicity
    Study

    n = 8,328

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  8. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 7 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by ethnicity; the result is not specific to semaglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not semaglutide alone, weight loss was similar across ethnic groups.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by ethnicity
    Study

    n = 8,328

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  9. 09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 7 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by age; the result is not specific to liraglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not liraglutide alone, weight loss was similar across ages.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by age
    Study

    n = 4,314

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  10. 10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 7 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by age; the result is not specific to semaglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not semaglutide alone, weight loss was similar across ages.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by age
    Study

    n = 4,314

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  11. 11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 4 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by baseline HbA1c; the result is not specific to liraglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not liraglutide alone, weight loss was similar across starting HbA1c levels.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by baseline HbA1c
    Study

    n = 1,886

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  12. 12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In 4 pooled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class, weight loss did not differ significantly by baseline HbA1c; the result is not specific to semaglutide.

    In plain wordsFor GLP-1 drugs as a group, not semaglutide alone, weight loss was similar across starting HbA1c levels.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss heterogeneity by baseline HbA1c
    Study

    n = 1,886

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We found no significant HTE by age (7 trials with 4314 patients), race (9 trials, 25 229 patients), ethnicity (7 trials, 8328 patients), baseline BMI (15 trials, 9473 patients across 3 analyses), or baseline HbA1c (4 trials, 1886 patients).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pairs of investigators independently screened titles and abstracts and then reviewed eligible full-text articles reporting on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1 RAs to placebo or other medications.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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