Comparative effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in obstructive sleep apnea: A network meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Chiappa GR, Santos PCN, Cavalcante DVS, Sá Filho AS, Prado N, Lombardo KM, Sequero PS, Esquinas AM

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism23 Feb 2026

PMID41725443DOI10.1111/dom.70572PepBankPUB-41725443

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, liraglutide reduced BMI by a mean difference of -1.60 kg/m²; certainty was moderate.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, liraglutide reduced BMI.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Mean difference
−1.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
BMI
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide reduced BMI (MD -1.60 kg/m²; 95% CI -2.04 to -1.16) and HbA1c (MD -0.19%; 95% CI -0.25 to -0.13), whereas CPAP showed no meaningful metabolic effect.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
Report a problemFND-4172544301
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, liraglutide reduced HbA1c by a mean difference of -0.19%; certainty was moderate.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, liraglutide reduced HbA1c.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Mean difference
−0.19%
HbA1c
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide reduced BMI (MD -1.60 kg/m²; 95% CI -2.04 to -1.16) and HbA1c (MD -0.19%; 95% CI -0.25 to -0.13), whereas CPAP showed no meaningful metabolic effect.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
Report a problemFND-4172544302

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, liraglutide plus CPAP achieved the greatest BMI reduction (MD -2.00 kg/m²).
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, liraglutide plus CPAP had the greatest BMI reduction.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
BMI mean difference
−2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
liraglutide plus CPAP; comparator not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide plus CPAP achieved the greatest BMI reduction (MD -2.00 kg/m²; 95% CI -3.49 to -0.51).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4172544303
04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including liraglutide, significantly changed systolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including liraglutide, significantly changed systolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSystolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
No intervention significantly changed SBP, DBP, or fasting glucose.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4172544304
05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including liraglutide, significantly changed diastolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including liraglutide, significantly changed diastolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDiastolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
No intervention significantly changed SBP, DBP, or fasting glucose.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4172544305
06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including liraglutide, significantly changed fasting glucose.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including liraglutide, significantly changed fasting glucose.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeFasting glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
No intervention significantly changed SBP, DBP, or fasting glucose.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4172544306
07HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including tirzepatide, significantly changed systolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including tirzepatide, significantly changed systolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeSystolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
No intervention significantly changed SBP, DBP, or fasting glucose.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4172544307
08HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including tirzepatide, significantly changed diastolic blood pressure.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including tirzepatide, significantly changed diastolic blood pressure.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeDiastolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
No intervention significantly changed SBP, DBP, or fasting glucose.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4172544308
09HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including tirzepatide, significantly changed fasting glucose.
In plain wordsIn adults with obstructive sleep apnea, no studied intervention, including tirzepatide, significantly changed fasting glucose.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeFasting glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
No intervention significantly changed SBP, DBP, or fasting glucose.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), their combination, and no active intervention on respiratory, sleepiness, and metabolic outcomes in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Summary · context
We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through August 2025 for randomised trials of CPAP, exenatide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, or their combinations.
Summary · context
Secondary endpoints were Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Summary · context
According to GRADE, certainty of evidence was moderate for CPAP effects on respiratory and sleepiness outcomes and for GLP-1 receptor agonists on BMI and HbA1c, and low for blood pressure and fasting glucose.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4172544309

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Comparative effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in obstructive sleep apnea: A network meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Summary

Results from this study9

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords