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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2026

2 results

NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.

Gallagher C, Emmanuel OO

Ageing research reviews6 Feb 2026Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID41655607 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.arr.2026.103057 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41655607
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Summary

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) declines with age, motivating "NAD⁺-boosting" strategies ranging from lifestyle interventions to supplementation with NAD⁺ precursors (e.g., nicotinamide riboside [NR], nicotinamide mononucleotide [NMN]) and, in some wellness settings, parenteral NAD⁺ administration. We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of peer-reviewed human and rodent intervention studies (January 2010-October 2025) evaluating NAD-related compounds administered orally or parenterally. We identified 113 eligible studies: 33 human intervention studies (28 randomized; 5 nonrandomized) and 80 rodent studies. In rodent models, NAD⁺ augmentation was frequently associated with improvements in metabolic, mitochondrial, inflammatory, and functional outcomes, although effects varied across models and endpoints. In humans, oral NR and NMN consistently demonstrated biochemical target engagement (circulating (plasma/whole blood) or cellular (e.g., PBMC) NAD-related metabolites) and were generally well tolerated over weeks to months; however, effects on functional, metabolic, vascular, and other healthspan-relevant outcomes were heterogeneous and often null or endpoint-specific. No eligible outcomes trials evaluated intravenous or intramuscular NAD⁺ itself for anti-aging or wellness indications. One nonrandomized intravenous NMN study met inclusion criteria and primarily contributed short-term safety and biomarker information. An intravenous NAD⁺ pharmacokinetic pilot lacking eligible clinical outcomes was identified as contextual evidence only. Overall, NAD⁺ augmentation shows clear biological activity, but clinical effectiveness for anti-aging or wellness outcomes remains inconclusive. Larger, well-designed randomized trials with longer follow-up and prespecified clinically meaningful endpoints are needed, particularly for parenteral approaches.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In human studies, oral NR and NMN demonstrated biochemical target engagement through circulating or cellular NAD-related metabolites.

    In plain wordsIn human studies, oral NR and NMN showed biochemical effects on natural NAD-related metabolites.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedBiochemical target engagement
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In humans, oral NR and NMN consistently demonstrated biochemical target engagement (circulating (plasma/whole blood) or cellular (e.g., PBMC) NAD-related metabolites)

    This result measures the body's own NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

  1. 02AnimalNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneOther designEfficacy outcome

    In rodent models, pooled NAD+ augmentation strategies were associated with variable improvements across metabolic, mitochondrial, inflammatory, and functional outcomes.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, pooled NAD+ augmentation strategies were linked to variable improvements across several outcome categories.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    MixedPooled preclinical outcomes
    Study

    rodentn: not reported in source

    rodent intervention models
    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Aging and longevity

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In rodent models, NAD⁺ augmentation was frequently associated with improvements in metabolic, mitochondrial, inflammatory, and functional outcomes, although effects varied across models and endpoints.

    In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 2

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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