Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes: a systematic review.

Deameh MG, Ramez M, Rowaiee R, Bani Irshid BA, Mohamed H, Abdelshafi A, Al-Osoufi MA, Mohamed T, Hegazin SB, Raheem O

The journal of sexual medicine1 Jan 2026Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID41498523DOI10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf381PepBankPUB-41498523

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone14

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were associated with increased total testosterone.
In plain wordsIn adult men, GLP-1 medicines including liraglutide were linked to higher total testosterone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseTotal testosterone
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1RAs were consistently associated with increased total testosterone, particularly in men with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or functional hypogonadism.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852301
02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were associated with increased total testosterone.
In plain wordsIn adult men, GLP-1 medicines including semaglutide were linked to higher total testosterone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseTotal testosterone
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1RAs were consistently associated with increased total testosterone, particularly in men with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or functional hypogonadism.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852302
03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, free testosterone changes with pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were inconsistent.
In plain wordsIn adult men, free testosterone changes with GLP-1 medicines including liraglutide were inconsistent.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
MixedFree testosterone
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Free testosterone changes were inconsistent, often offset by concurrent rises in sex hormone-binding globulin.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852303
04HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, free testosterone changes with pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were inconsistent.
In plain wordsIn adult men, free testosterone changes with GLP-1 medicines including semaglutide were inconsistent.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
MixedFree testosterone
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Free testosterone changes were inconsistent, often offset by concurrent rises in sex hormone-binding globulin.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852304
05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide and semaglutide preserved or increased luteinizing hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparator groups.
In plain wordsIn adult men, pooled GLP-1 medicines preserved or increased luteinizing hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparison groups.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
MixedLuteinizing hormone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were preserved or increased with GLP-1RA use, in contrast to the suppression observed in testosterone therapy comparator groups.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852305
06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide and semaglutide preserved or increased luteinizing hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparator groups.
In plain wordsIn adult men, pooled GLP-1 medicines preserved or increased luteinizing hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparison groups.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
MixedLuteinizing hormone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were preserved or increased with GLP-1RA use, in contrast to the suppression observed in testosterone therapy comparator groups.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852306
07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide and semaglutide preserved or increased follicle-stimulating hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparator groups.
In plain wordsIn adult men, pooled GLP-1 medicines preserved or increased follicle-stimulating hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparison groups.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
MixedFollicle-stimulating hormone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were preserved or increased with GLP-1RA use, in contrast to the suppression observed in testosterone therapy comparator groups.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852307
08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide and semaglutide preserved or increased follicle-stimulating hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparator groups.
In plain wordsIn adult men, pooled GLP-1 medicines preserved or increased follicle-stimulating hormone, unlike suppression in testosterone-therapy comparison groups.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
MixedFollicle-stimulating hormone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were preserved or increased with GLP-1RA use, in contrast to the suppression observed in testosterone therapy comparator groups.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852308
09HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In obese or hypogonadal men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide were associated with improved semen parameters.
In plain wordsIn obese or hypogonadal men, GLP-1 medicines including liraglutide were linked to improved semen measures.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSemen parameters in obese or hypogonadal men
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in semen parameters were reported in obese or hypogonadal men; however, no significant changes were found in healthy individuals.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852309
10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In obese or hypogonadal men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide were associated with improved semen parameters.
In plain wordsIn obese or hypogonadal men, GLP-1 medicines including semaglutide were linked to improved semen measures.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSemen parameters in obese or hypogonadal men
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in semen parameters were reported in obese or hypogonadal men; however, no significant changes were found in healthy individuals.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852310
11HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In healthy men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide showed no significant semen parameter changes.
In plain wordsIn healthy men, GLP-1 medicines including liraglutide showed no significant semen changes.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSemen parameters in healthy men
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in semen parameters were reported in obese or hypogonadal men; however, no significant changes were found in healthy individuals.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852311
12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In healthy men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide showed no significant semen parameter changes.
In plain wordsIn healthy men, GLP-1 medicines including semaglutide showed no significant semen changes.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSemen parameters in healthy men
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in semen parameters were reported in obese or hypogonadal men; however, no significant changes were found in healthy individuals.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852312
13HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide often had concurrent rises in sex hormone-binding globulin.
In plain wordsIn adult men, GLP-1 medicines including liraglutide were often linked to higher sex hormone-binding globulin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSex hormone-binding globulin
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Free testosterone changes were inconsistent, often offset by concurrent rises in sex hormone-binding globulin.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852313
14HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In adult men, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide often had concurrent rises in sex hormone-binding globulin.
In plain wordsIn adult men, GLP-1 medicines including semaglutide were often linked to higher sex hormone-binding globulin.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSex hormone-binding globulin
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Free testosterone changes were inconsistent, often offset by concurrent rises in sex hormone-binding globulin.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To systematically evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide) on male reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and metabolic outcomes.
Summary · context
We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Summary · context
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effects of GLP-1RAs in adult men.
Summary · context
Ten studies involving a total of 639 men were included.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4149852314

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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