Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Compared to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists is Associated with Lower Out-of-Pocket Costs in Insured Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Matched Analysis Over Two Years.

Thiyagarajan S, Wall-Wieler E, Liu Y, Zheng F, Edwards M

Obesity surgery3 Jan 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID41484761PMCIDPMC12957123DOI10.1007/s11695-025-08467-3PepBankPUB-41484761

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyOther
In insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, patient-paid costs at 1 year were similar for pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide or semaglutide) and gastric bypass.
In plain wordsIn insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, first-year costs paid by patients were similar for GLP-1 drugs and gastric bypass surgery.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeOut-of-pocket costs at 1 year
Study
n = 1,012
Comparator
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
At 1-year after treatment initiation, healthcare costs paid directly by patients were similar for the RYGB ($2,301) and GLP-1 RAs ($2,179) (delta = $122, p = 0.15) cohorts.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with RYGB had no treatment with GLP-1 RAs, and those who received GLP-1 RAs therapy with tirzepatide or semaglutide for ≥ 2 years had no metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4148476101
02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyOther
In insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide or semaglutide) had higher patient-paid costs than gastric bypass from one to two years ($2,104 vs. $1,277).
In plain wordsIn insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, GLP-1 drugs cost patients more than gastric bypass surgery from year one to year two.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseOut-of-pocket costs from year 1 to year 2
Study
n = 1,012
Comparator
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
From one to two years after index treatment date, OOP costs were significantly lower in the RYGB treatment group ($1,277 vs. $2,104, p < 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with RYGB had no treatment with GLP-1 RAs, and those who received GLP-1 RAs therapy with tirzepatide or semaglutide for ≥ 2 years had no metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4148476102
03HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studyOther
In insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, patients on pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide or semaglutide) spent $704 more in out-of-pocket costs than gastric bypass patients at 2 years.
In plain wordsIn insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, GLP-1 drugs cost patients $704 more than gastric bypass surgery after two years.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseCumulative out-of-pocket costs at 2 years
Study
n = 1,012
Comparator
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Two years after treatment initiation, RYGB patients spent $704 less in OOP costs than similar patients treated with GLP-1 RAs medications (p < 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with RYGB had no treatment with GLP-1 RAs, and those who received GLP-1 RAs therapy with tirzepatide or semaglutide for ≥ 2 years had no metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4148476103
04HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyOther
In insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, patient-paid costs at 1 year were similar for pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide or semaglutide) and gastric bypass.
In plain wordsIn insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, first-year costs paid by patients were similar for GLP-1 drugs and gastric bypass surgery.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
No significant changeOut-of-pocket costs at 1 year
Study
n = 1,012
Comparator
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
At 1-year after treatment initiation, healthcare costs paid directly by patients were similar for the RYGB ($2,301) and GLP-1 RAs ($2,179) (delta = $122, p = 0.15) cohorts.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with RYGB had no treatment with GLP-1 RAs, and those who received GLP-1 RAs therapy with tirzepatide or semaglutide for ≥ 2 years had no metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4148476104
05HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyOther
In insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide or semaglutide) had higher patient-paid costs than gastric bypass from one to two years ($2,104 vs. $1,277).
In plain wordsIn insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, GLP-1 drugs cost patients more than gastric bypass surgery from year one to year two.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseOut-of-pocket costs from year 1 to year 2
Study
n = 1,012
Comparator
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
From one to two years after index treatment date, OOP costs were significantly lower in the RYGB treatment group ($1,277 vs. $2,104, p < 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with RYGB had no treatment with GLP-1 RAs, and those who received GLP-1 RAs therapy with tirzepatide or semaglutide for ≥ 2 years had no metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4148476105
06HumanNot a test of Tirzepatide aloneObservational studyOther
In insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, patients on pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide or semaglutide) spent $704 more in out-of-pocket costs than gastric bypass patients at 2 years.
In plain wordsIn insured adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, GLP-1 drugs cost patients $704 more than gastric bypass surgery after two years.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseCumulative out-of-pocket costs at 2 years
Study
n = 1,012
Comparator
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Two years after treatment initiation, RYGB patients spent $704 less in OOP costs than similar patients treated with GLP-1 RAs medications (p < 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with RYGB had no treatment with GLP-1 RAs, and those who received GLP-1 RAs therapy with tirzepatide or semaglutide for ≥ 2 years had no metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures.
In this study, Tirzepatide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tirzepatide.
Report a problemFND-4148476106

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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