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Study · Systematic review · 2026

15 results

Effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs in Restoring Normoglycemia in Patients With Prediabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tsironikos GI, Tsolaki V, Zakynthinos G, Rammou V, Kyprianidou D, Antonogiannis T, Zakynthinos E, Bargiota A

Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews1 Jan 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID41398448 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/dmrr.70114 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41398448
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 15 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

13 results from studies that gave the peptide. 13 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide restored normoglycemia more often than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide restored normal glucose more often than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    OR
    4.87
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide restored normoglycemia more often than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide restored normal glucose more often than placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    OR
    5.43
    liraglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg was effective for restoring normoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity and prediabetes, weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg was effective for restoring normal glucose.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    2.4 mg weeklyAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The assessed semaglutide's weekly dosage of 2.4 mg (mg) was effective and significance concerns studies performed across the world without post-intervention duration, and independent of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, daily liraglutide 1.8 mg was effective for restoring normoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity and prediabetes, daily liraglutide 1.8 mg was effective for restoring normal glucose.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.8 mg dailyAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Either 1.8 mg or 3.0 mg of liraglutide daily is effective and 3.0 mg maintains post-intervention effectiveness.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, daily liraglutide 3.0 mg was effective for restoring normoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity and prediabetes, daily liraglutide 3.0 mg was effective for restoring normal glucose.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3.0 mg dailyAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Either 1.8 mg or 3.0 mg of liraglutide daily is effective and 3.0 mg maintains post-intervention effectiveness.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, daily liraglutide 3.0 mg maintained post-intervention restoration of normoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity and prediabetes, daily liraglutide 3.0 mg maintained restored normal glucose after treatment.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreasePost-intervention restoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3.0 mg dailyAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Either 1.8 mg or 3.0 mg of liraglutide daily is effective and 3.0 mg maintains post-intervention effectiveness.
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  7. 07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide was more effective in men for restoring normoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn men with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide was more effective for restoring normal glucose.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia in men
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide was more effective in men and liraglutide in women.
    6 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  8. 08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide was more effective in women for restoring normoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn women with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide was more effective for restoring normal glucose.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia in women
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide was more effective in men and liraglutide in women.
    6 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  9. 09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide effectiveness for restoring normoglycemia was reported as independent of mean age.

    In plain wordsFor people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide effectiveness for restoring normal glucose was reported as independent of average age.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableRestoration of normoglycemia by mean age
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    They are both effective independent of patients' mean age, and intervention's duration.
    6 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  10. 10HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide effectiveness for restoring normoglycemia was reported as independent of intervention duration.

    In plain wordsFor people with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide effectiveness for restoring normal glucose was reported as independent of treatment duration.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableRestoration of normoglycemia by intervention duration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    They are both effective independent of patients' mean age, and intervention's duration.
    6 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  11. 11HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide effectiveness for restoring normoglycemia was reported as independent of mean age.

    In plain wordsFor people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide effectiveness for restoring normal glucose was reported as independent of average age.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableRestoration of normoglycemia by mean age
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    They are both effective independent of patients' mean age, and intervention's duration.
    6 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  12. 12HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide effectiveness for restoring normoglycemia was reported as independent of intervention duration.

    In plain wordsFor people with obesity and prediabetes, liraglutide effectiveness for restoring normal glucose was reported as independent of treatment duration.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableRestoration of normoglycemia by intervention duration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    They are both effective independent of patients' mean age, and intervention's duration.
    6 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.
  13. 13HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In people with obesity and prediabetes, weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg effectiveness for restoring normoglycemia was reported as independent of cardiovascular disease.

    In plain wordsIn obesity with prediabetes, semaglutide effectiveness for restoring normal glucose was reported as independent of cardiovascular disease.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableRestoration of normoglycemia by cardiovascular disease
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    2.4 mg weeklyAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The assessed semaglutide's weekly dosage of 2.4 mg (mg) was effective and significance concerns studies performed across the world without post-intervention duration, and independent of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 14HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In obesity with prediabetes, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide and semaglutide restored normoglycemia versus placebo, with low-quality evidence and large heterogeneity.

    In plain wordsIn obesity with prediabetes, pooled GLP-1 drugs restored normal glucose more often than placebo; evidence quality was low and heterogeneity large.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n = 14,564

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    OR
    4.62
    GLP-1 RAs versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 15HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In obesity with prediabetes, pooled GLP-1 receptor agonists including liraglutide and semaglutide restored normoglycemia versus placebo, with low-quality evidence and large heterogeneity.

    In plain wordsIn obesity with prediabetes, pooled GLP-1 drugs restored normal glucose more often than placebo; evidence quality was low and heterogeneity large.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRestoration of normoglycemia
    Study

    n = 14,564

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    OR
    4.62
    GLP-1 RAs versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GLP-1 RAs restored normoglycemia compared to placebo (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.85, 7.49; p-value < 0.00001).
    5 context sentences
    Summary · context
    All 14,564 participants in 8 RCTs had obesity disease additionally to prediabetes.
    Summary · context
    Both semaglutide (OR 4.87, 95% CI 2.61, 9.09; p-value < 0.00001) and liraglutide (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.34, 22.04; p-value 0.02) were effective but not exenatide.
    Summary · context
    Search for eligible RCTs in PubMed and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials.
    Summary · context
    Heterogeneity was large (Q 84.42, p-value 2 92%, 95% CI 77, 97%), attributed to the countries' performance and post-intervention follow-up in semaglutide-based RCTs and any subgroup analysis in liraglutide-based RCTs.
    Summary · context
    The overall quality of evidence was low.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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