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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2026

4 results

GLP-1 receptor agonists for treating obesity without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of economic evaluations.

Dhippayom T, Meraz M, Lee H, Hur C, Inadomi JM, Veettil SK, Dunn JD, Chaiyakunapruk N

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism9 Dec 2025Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

Summary

AimTo pool the incremental net benefits (INBs) of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for treating obesity without diabetes.Materials and methodsPubMed, Embase, EconLit, CEA Registry, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global were searched from inception to April 2024. Cost-effectiveness studies were included if they reported economic outcomes of any GLP-1RAs in the treatment of obesity without diabetes for a minimum time horizon of 5 years. Details of the study characteristics, economic model inputs, costs, and outcomes were extracted. Monetary units were converted to 2023 US dollars. INBs with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. The outcome was INB, calculated by multiplying the willingness-to-pay threshold by the difference in effectiveness between two interventions, then subtracting the difference in costs, with a positive INB indicating cost-effectiveness.ResultsOf 634 studies identified, 9 from high-income countries (HICs) with 23 comparisons were included. The pooled INB demonstrated that semaglutide and liraglutide were not cost-effective compared to no intervention (-$3659 [95% CI, -$74 379 to $67 062] and -$32 032 [95% CI, -$101 534 to $37 488], respectively) and lifestyle interventions (-$84 060 [95% CI, -$152 645 to -$15 475] and -$70 563 [95% CI, -$106 520 to -$34 605], respectively).ConclusionsGLP-1RAs are generally not cost-effective for obesity treatment in patients without diabetes in HICs from a healthcare/payer perspective. However, they may be cost-effective in subgroups evaluated over longer time horizons. Most included studies focused on weight-related outcomes, potentially underestimating the broader economic value of GLP-1RAs. This pooled economic evidence may inform the decision-making process.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 01Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In pooled healthcare/payer economic models for obesity without diabetes in high-income countries, semaglutide had an incremental net benefit of -$3659 (95% CI -$74 379 to $67 062) versus no intervention.

    In plain wordsEconomic models for obesity without diabetes estimated a negative semaglutide net benefit versus no intervention, but the confidence interval crossed zero.

    Outcome
    DecreaseIncremental net benefit
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    economic models
    Comparator
    No intervention
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Measurements

    Incremental net benefit
    −3659 2023 US dollars
    semaglutide versus no intervention; 95% CI -$74 379 to $67 062

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pooled INB demonstrated that semaglutide and liraglutide were not cost-effective compared to no intervention (-$3659 [95% CI, -$74 379 to $67 062] and -$32 032 [95% CI, -$101 534 to $37 488], respectively) and lifestyle interventions (-$84 060 [95% CI, -$152 645 to -$15 475] and -$70 563 [95% CI, -$106 520 to -$34 605], respectively).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Monetary units were converted to 2023 US dollars.
    Summary · context
    The outcome was INB, calculated by multiplying the willingness-to-pay threshold by the difference in effectiveness between two interventions, then subtracting the difference in costs, with a positive INB indicating cost-effectiveness.
    Summary · context
    Of 634 studies identified, 9 from high-income countries (HICs) with 23 comparisons were included.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  2. 02Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In pooled healthcare/payer economic models for obesity without diabetes in high-income countries, liraglutide had an incremental net benefit of -$32 032 (95% CI -$101 534 to $37 488) versus no intervention.

    In plain wordsEconomic models for obesity without diabetes estimated a negative liraglutide net benefit versus no intervention, but the confidence interval crossed zero.

    Outcome
    DecreaseIncremental net benefit
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    economic models
    Comparator
    No intervention
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pooled INB demonstrated that semaglutide and liraglutide were not cost-effective compared to no intervention (-$3659 [95% CI, -$74 379 to $67 062] and -$32 032 [95% CI, -$101 534 to $37 488], respectively) and lifestyle interventions (-$84 060 [95% CI, -$152 645 to -$15 475] and -$70 563 [95% CI, -$106 520 to -$34 605], respectively).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Monetary units were converted to 2023 US dollars.
    Summary · context
    The outcome was INB, calculated by multiplying the willingness-to-pay threshold by the difference in effectiveness between two interventions, then subtracting the difference in costs, with a positive INB indicating cost-effectiveness.
    Summary · context
    Of 634 studies identified, 9 from high-income countries (HICs) with 23 comparisons were included.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  3. 03Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In pooled healthcare/payer economic models for obesity without diabetes in high-income countries, semaglutide had an incremental net benefit of -$84 060 (95% CI -$152 645 to -$15 475) versus lifestyle interventions.

    In plain wordsEconomic models for obesity without diabetes estimated a negative semaglutide net benefit versus lifestyle interventions.

    Outcome
    DecreaseIncremental net benefit
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    economic models
    Comparator
    Lifestyle interventions
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pooled INB demonstrated that semaglutide and liraglutide were not cost-effective compared to no intervention (-$3659 [95% CI, -$74 379 to $67 062] and -$32 032 [95% CI, -$101 534 to $37 488], respectively) and lifestyle interventions (-$84 060 [95% CI, -$152 645 to -$15 475] and -$70 563 [95% CI, -$106 520 to -$34 605], respectively).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Monetary units were converted to 2023 US dollars.
    Summary · context
    The outcome was INB, calculated by multiplying the willingness-to-pay threshold by the difference in effectiveness between two interventions, then subtracting the difference in costs, with a positive INB indicating cost-effectiveness.
    Summary · context
    Of 634 studies identified, 9 from high-income countries (HICs) with 23 comparisons were included.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  4. 04Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In pooled healthcare/payer economic models for obesity without diabetes in high-income countries, liraglutide had an incremental net benefit of -$70 563 (95% CI -$106 520 to -$34 605) versus lifestyle interventions.

    In plain wordsEconomic models for obesity without diabetes estimated a negative liraglutide net benefit versus lifestyle interventions.

    Outcome
    DecreaseIncremental net benefit
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    economic models
    Comparator
    Lifestyle interventions
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pooled INB demonstrated that semaglutide and liraglutide were not cost-effective compared to no intervention (-$3659 [95% CI, -$74 379 to $67 062] and -$32 032 [95% CI, -$101 534 to $37 488], respectively) and lifestyle interventions (-$84 060 [95% CI, -$152 645 to -$15 475] and -$70 563 [95% CI, -$106 520 to -$34 605], respectively).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Monetary units were converted to 2023 US dollars.
    Summary · context
    The outcome was INB, calculated by multiplying the willingness-to-pay threshold by the difference in effectiveness between two interventions, then subtracting the difference in costs, with a positive INB indicating cost-effectiveness.
    Summary · context
    Of 634 studies identified, 9 from high-income countries (HICs) with 23 comparisons were included.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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