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Study · Systematic review · 2024

15 results

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.

Zhang L, Hua Z, Fang Z, Wei J, Lin Y

Journal of clinical pharmacology14 Jun 2024Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID38874130 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/jcph.2483 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-38874130
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 15 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

15 results from studies that gave the peptide. 15 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 3 mg reduced HbA1c versus placebo (mean difference -0.61%).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 3 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change, 3 mg versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    MD
    −0.61%
    3 mg vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    compared to placebo, 3 mg [MD = -0.61%, 95% CI (-0.89, -0.34)]
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 7 mg reduced HbA1c versus placebo (mean difference -1.12%).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 7 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change, 7 mg versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    7 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    MD
    −1.12%
    7 mg vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    7 mg [MD = -1.12%, 95% CI (-1.45, -0.79)]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    oral semaglutide significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 14 mg reduced HbA1c versus placebo (mean difference -1.08%).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 14 mg lowered HbA1c more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change, 14 mg versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    MD
    −1.08%
    14 mg vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    14 mg [MD = -1.08%, 95% CI (-1.32, -0.85)]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    oral semaglutide significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 7 mg reduced HbA1c versus pooled positive control drugs (mean difference -0.26%).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 7 mg lowered HbA1c more than other diabetes drugs as a group.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change, 7 mg versus positive control drugs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Positive control drugs (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, dulaglutide)
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    7 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    MD
    −0.26%
    7 mg vs positive control

    Source sentences

    Summary
    7 mg [MD = -0.26%, 95% CI (-0.38, -0.15)]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    oral semaglutide significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 14 mg reduced HbA1c versus pooled positive control drugs (mean difference -0.37%).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide 14 mg lowered HbA1c more than other diabetes drugs as a group.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change, 14 mg versus positive control drugs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Positive control drugs (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, liraglutide, dulaglutide)
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    MD
    −0.37%
    14 mg vs positive control

    Source sentences

    Summary
    14 mg [MD = -0.37%, 95% CI (-0.52, -0.23)]
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    oral semaglutide significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide showed advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in weight loss, with overall dose-dependent efficacy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide led to more weight loss than placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight loss
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide also showed certain advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in terms of weight loss, HbA1c reduction achievement rate, fasting plasma glucose level, and body mass index with overall dose-dependent efficacy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  7. 07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide showed advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in the rate of achieving an HbA1c reduction.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, more people reached their HbA1c goal with oral semaglutide than with placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseHbA1c reduction achievement rate
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide also showed certain advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in terms of weight loss, HbA1c reduction achievement rate, fasting plasma glucose level, and body mass index with overall dose-dependent efficacy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  8. 08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide showed advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in fasting plasma glucose level.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered fasting blood glucose more than placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting plasma glucose
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide also showed certain advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in terms of weight loss, HbA1c reduction achievement rate, fasting plasma glucose level, and body mass index with overall dose-dependent efficacy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  9. 09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide showed advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in body mass index.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered BMI more than placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody mass index
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide also showed certain advantages over placebo or positive control drugs in terms of weight loss, HbA1c reduction achievement rate, fasting plasma glucose level, and body mass index with overall dose-dependent efficacy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  10. 10HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, nausea was more frequent with oral semaglutide than with placebo or positive control drugs.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, nausea was more common with oral semaglutide than with placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseNausea incidence
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by oral semaglutide was higher than that of the placebo or positive control drugs, and the incidence of appetite decrease or constipation was higher than that of the placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  11. 11HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, diarrhea was more frequent with oral semaglutide than with placebo or positive control drugs.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, diarrhea was more common with oral semaglutide than with placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiarrhea incidence
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by oral semaglutide was higher than that of the placebo or positive control drugs, and the incidence of appetite decrease or constipation was higher than that of the placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  12. 12HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, vomiting was more frequent with oral semaglutide than with placebo or positive control drugs.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, vomiting was more common with oral semaglutide than with placebo or other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseVomiting incidence
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo or positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by oral semaglutide was higher than that of the placebo or positive control drugs, and the incidence of appetite decrease or constipation was higher than that of the placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  13. 13HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, appetite decrease was more frequent with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, reduced appetite was more common with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseAppetite decrease incidence
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by oral semaglutide was higher than that of the placebo or positive control drugs, and the incidence of appetite decrease or constipation was higher than that of the placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  14. 14HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, constipation was more frequent with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, constipation was more common with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseConstipation incidence
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by oral semaglutide was higher than that of the placebo or positive control drugs, and the incidence of appetite decrease or constipation was higher than that of the placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.
  15. 15HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, severe or symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes were reduced with oral semaglutide compared with positive control drugs.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, serious or symptomatic low blood sugar was less common with oral semaglutide than with other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseSevere or symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Positive control drugs
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3, 7 and 14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Severe or symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes were reduced compared to positive control drugs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A total of 10 RCTs with 9541 patients were included.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 4Current

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 3

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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