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Study · Systematic review · 2024

14 results

A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

Hu EH, Tsai ML, Lin Y, Chou TS, Chen TH

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)21 Feb 2024Cited by 30 (Europe PMC)

PMID38541083 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC10972401 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/medicina60030357 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-38541083
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Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been used to reduce glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2005. This meta-analysis discusses the mechanisms and potential benefits of several GLP-1 RAs. In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions. In terms of glycemic control and weight loss, semaglutide was statistically superior to other GLP-1 RAs. In terms of cardiovascular outcomes, 14 mg of semaglutide taken orally once daily and 1.8 mg of liraglutide injected once daily reduced the incidence of cardiovascular death, whereas other GLP-1 RAs did not provide similar benefits. Moreover, semaglutide was associated with superior outcomes for heart failure and cardiovascular death in non-diabetic obesity patients, whereas liraglutide worsened heart failure outcomes in diabetic patients with a reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide were beneficial in terms of composite renal outcomes: These GLP-1 RAs were significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria, but not with improved eGFR deterioration or reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy. However, GLP-1 RAs may benefit patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. 14 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes, liraglutide 1.8 mg injected once daily reduced the incidence of cardiovascular death.

    In plain wordsIn pooled trials, liraglutide 1.8 mg injected once daily lowered the rate of cardiovascular death.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiovascular death
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    1.8 mg once daily · injectedAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In terms of cardiovascular outcomes, 14 mg of semaglutide taken orally once daily and 1.8 mg of liraglutide injected once daily reduced the incidence of cardiovascular death, whereas other GLP-1 RAs did not provide similar benefits.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In diabetic patients with a reduced ejection fraction, liraglutide worsened heart failure outcomes.

    In plain wordsIn pooled trials of diabetic patients with reduced heart pumping, liraglutide was linked to worse heart failure outcomes.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseHeart failure outcomes in diabetic patients with reduced ejection fraction
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    liraglutide worsened heart failure outcomes in diabetic patients with a reduced ejection fraction.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In meta-analysis of composite renal outcomes, liraglutide was significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria.

    In plain wordsIn pooled trials, liraglutide was linked to less new or lasting macroalbuminuria, a sign of kidney damage.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseNew or persistent macroalbuminuria
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide were beneficial in terms of composite renal outcomes: These GLP-1 RAs were significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria, but not with improved eGFR deterioration or reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In meta-analysis of composite renal outcomes, liraglutide was not associated with improved eGFR deterioration.

    In plain wordsIn pooled trials, liraglutide was not linked to a slower decline in kidney filtration (eGFR).

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeeGFR deterioration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide were beneficial in terms of composite renal outcomes: These GLP-1 RAs were significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria, but not with improved eGFR deterioration or reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In meta-analysis of composite renal outcomes, liraglutide was not associated with a reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy.

    In plain wordsIn pooled trials, liraglutide was not linked to a lower need for kidney replacement treatment.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeRequirement for renal replacement therapy
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide were beneficial in terms of composite renal outcomes: These GLP-1 RAs were significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria, but not with improved eGFR deterioration or reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was statistically superior to other GLP-1 receptor agonists for glycemic control.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide controlled blood sugar better than other GLP-1 drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlycemic control vs other GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other GLP-1 receptor agonists
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In terms of glycemic control and weight loss, semaglutide was statistically superior to other GLP-1 RAs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  7. 07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity, semaglutide was statistically superior to other GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes or obesity, semaglutide led to more weight loss than other GLP-1 drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss vs other GLP-1 RAs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other GLP-1 receptor agonists
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In terms of glycemic control and weight loss, semaglutide was statistically superior to other GLP-1 RAs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  8. 08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients in cardiovascular outcome trials, oral semaglutide 14 mg once daily reduced the incidence of cardiovascular death, whereas other GLP-1 RAs did not.

    In plain wordsIn people in heart outcome trials, oral semaglutide 14 mg daily lowered the rate of death from heart causes.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiovascular death, oral semaglutide 14 mg
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    14 mg · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In terms of cardiovascular outcomes, 14 mg of semaglutide taken orally once daily and 1.8 mg of liraglutide injected once daily reduced the incidence of cardiovascular death, whereas other GLP-1 RAs did not provide similar benefits.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  9. 09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In non-diabetic patients with obesity, semaglutide was associated with superior heart failure outcomes.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity but no diabetes, semaglutide was linked to better heart failure outcomes.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHeart failure outcomes in non-diabetic obesity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, semaglutide was associated with superior outcomes for heart failure and cardiovascular death in non-diabetic obesity patients
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  10. 10HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In non-diabetic patients with obesity, semaglutide was associated with superior cardiovascular death outcomes.

    In plain wordsIn people with obesity but no diabetes, semaglutide was linked to better outcomes for death from heart causes.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiovascular death in non-diabetic obesity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, semaglutide was associated with superior outcomes for heart failure and cardiovascular death in non-diabetic obesity patients
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  11. 11HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was beneficial for composite renal outcomes.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was linked to better combined kidney outcomes.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseComposite renal outcomes
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Additionally, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide were beneficial in terms of composite renal outcomes
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  12. 12HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was linked to less new or lasting heavy protein loss in urine.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseNew or persistent macroalbuminuria
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These GLP-1 RAs were significantly associated with less new or persistent macroalbuminuria
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  13. 13HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was not associated with improved eGFR deterioration.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was not linked to less decline in kidney filtering.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeeGFR deterioration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but not with improved eGFR deterioration or reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.
  14. 14HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was not associated with a reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was not linked to a lower need for kidney replacement treatment.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeRenal replacement therapy requirement
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but not with improved eGFR deterioration or reduced requirement for renal replacement therapy
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In particular, this meta-analysis focuses on the safety and associations with weight loss, glucose reduction, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and renal outcomes of GLP-1 RAs to determine their benefits for patients with different conditions.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 3 to 38Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:04 UTC

    The same notice was added 36 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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