Risk of Anaphylaxis Among New Users of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Cohort Study.

Anthony MS, Aroda VR, Parlett LE, Djebarri L, Berreghis S, Calingaert B, Beachler DC, Crowe CL, Johannes CB, Juhaeri J, Lanes S, Pan C, Rothman KJ, Saltus CW, Walsh KE

Diabetes care1 Apr 2024Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID38363873PMCIDPMC10973896DOI10.2337/dc23-1911PepBankPUB-38363873

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

01HumanObservational studySafety outcome
In claims data for adults with T2DM, dulaglutide use was linked to an anaphylaxis incidence rate of 3.9 per 10,000 person-years.
In plain wordsIn adults with T2DM, dulaglutide use was linked to 3.9 anaphylaxis events per 10,000 person-years.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
Not applicableAnaphylaxis incidence rate
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Anaphylaxis incidence rate
3.9 per 10,000 person-years
Dulaglutide
95% CI
3.1 to 4.8 per 10,000 person-years
Dulaglutide
Source sentences
Summary
IRs (95% CIs) per 10,000 person-years were 1.0 (0.0-5.6) for lixisenatide, 6.0 (3.6-9.4) for exenatide, 5.1 (3.7-7.0) for liraglutide, 3.9 (3.1-4.8) for dulaglutide, and 3.6 (2.6-4.9) for semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021).
Summary · context
Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included.
Summary · context
GLP-1 RAs evaluated were lixisenatide, an insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (FRC), exenatide, liraglutide or insulin degludec/liraglutide FRC, dulaglutide, and semaglutide (injectable and oral).
Report a problemFND-3836387301
02HumanObservational studySafety outcome
In claims data for adults with T2DM, semaglutide use was linked to an anaphylaxis incidence rate of 3.6 per 10,000 person-years.
In plain wordsIn adults with T2DM, semaglutide use was linked to 3.6 anaphylaxis events per 10,000 person-years.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableAnaphylaxis incidence rate
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Anaphylaxis incidence rate
3.6 per 10,000 person-years
Semaglutide
95% CI
2.6 to 4.9 per 10,000 person-years
Semaglutide
Source sentences
Summary
IRs (95% CIs) per 10,000 person-years were 1.0 (0.0-5.6) for lixisenatide, 6.0 (3.6-9.4) for exenatide, 5.1 (3.7-7.0) for liraglutide, 3.9 (3.1-4.8) for dulaglutide, and 3.6 (2.6-4.9) for semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021).
Summary · context
Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included.
Summary · context
GLP-1 RAs evaluated were lixisenatide, an insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (FRC), exenatide, liraglutide or insulin degludec/liraglutide FRC, dulaglutide, and semaglutide (injectable and oral).
Report a problemFND-3836387302

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with T2DM, the pooled liraglutide and insulin degludec/liraglutide cohort had an anaphylaxis rate of 5.1 per 10,000 person-years.
In plain wordsIn adults with T2DM, pooled liraglutide and insulin degludec/liraglutide use was linked to 5.1 anaphylaxis events per 10,000 person-years.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableAnaphylaxis incidence rate
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
Anaphylaxis incidence rate
5.1 per 10,000 person-years
Liraglutide cohort including fixed-ratio combination
95% CI
3.7 to 7 per 10,000 person-years
Liraglutide cohort
Source sentences
Summary
IRs (95% CIs) per 10,000 person-years were 1.0 (0.0-5.6) for lixisenatide, 6.0 (3.6-9.4) for exenatide, 5.1 (3.7-7.0) for liraglutide, 3.9 (3.1-4.8) for dulaglutide, and 3.6 (2.6-4.9) for semaglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021).
Summary · context
Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included.
Summary · context
GLP-1 RAs evaluated were lixisenatide, an insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (FRC), exenatide, liraglutide or insulin degludec/liraglutide FRC, dulaglutide, and semaglutide (injectable and oral).
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3836387303
04HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with T2DM, the unadjusted anaphylaxis rate ratio for lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs, including dulaglutide, was 0.24 (95% CI 0.01-1.35), a range that includes 1.
In plain wordsIn adults with T2DM, the anaphylaxis rate ratio for lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs was 0.24 (95% CI 0.01-1.35).
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
Direction not reportedAnaphylaxis rate ratio versus lixisenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Lixisenatide
Outcome group
Adverse events · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
IRR
0.24 ratio
Lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs
95% CI
0.01 to 1.35 ratio
Lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The IRR (95% CI) for the anaphylaxis rate for the lixisenatide cohort compared with the pooled other GLP-1 RA cohort was 0.24 (0.01-1.35).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021).
Summary · context
Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included.
Summary · context
GLP-1 RAs evaluated were lixisenatide, an insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (FRC), exenatide, liraglutide or insulin degludec/liraglutide FRC, dulaglutide, and semaglutide (injectable and oral).
Summary · context
The unadjusted IR ratio (IRR) comparing anaphylaxis rates in the lixisenatide cohort with all other GLP-1 RAs combined was analyzed post hoc.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-3836387304
05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with T2DM, the unadjusted anaphylaxis rate ratio for lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs, including liraglutide, was 0.24 (95% CI 0.01-1.35), a range that includes 1.
In plain wordsIn adults with T2DM, the anaphylaxis rate with lixisenatide was not clearly different from pooled other GLP-1RAs, including liraglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAnaphylaxis rate ratio versus lixisenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Lixisenatide
Outcome group
Adverse events · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
IRR
0.24 ratio
Lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs
95% CI
0.01 to 1.35 ratio
Lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The IRR (95% CI) for the anaphylaxis rate for the lixisenatide cohort compared with the pooled other GLP-1 RA cohort was 0.24 (0.01-1.35).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021).
Summary · context
Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included.
Summary · context
GLP-1 RAs evaluated were lixisenatide, an insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (FRC), exenatide, liraglutide or insulin degludec/liraglutide FRC, dulaglutide, and semaglutide (injectable and oral).
Summary · context
The unadjusted IR ratio (IRR) comparing anaphylaxis rates in the lixisenatide cohort with all other GLP-1 RAs combined was analyzed post hoc.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3836387305
06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneObservational studySafety outcome
In adults with T2DM, the unadjusted anaphylaxis rate ratio for lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs, including semaglutide, was 0.24 (95% CI 0.01-1.35), a range that includes 1.
In plain wordsIn adults with T2DM, the anaphylaxis rate with lixisenatide was not clearly different from pooled other GLP-1RAs, including semaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAnaphylaxis rate ratio versus lixisenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Lixisenatide
Outcome group
Adverse events · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
IRR
0.24 ratio
Lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs
95% CI
0.01 to 1.35 ratio
Lixisenatide versus pooled other GLP-1RAs
Source sentences
Summary
The IRR (95% CI) for the anaphylaxis rate for the lixisenatide cohort compared with the pooled other GLP-1 RA cohort was 0.24 (0.01-1.35).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021).
Summary · context
Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included.
Summary · context
GLP-1 RAs evaluated were lixisenatide, an insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (FRC), exenatide, liraglutide or insulin degludec/liraglutide FRC, dulaglutide, and semaglutide (injectable and oral).
Summary · context
The unadjusted IR ratio (IRR) comparing anaphylaxis rates in the lixisenatide cohort with all other GLP-1 RAs combined was analyzed post hoc.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-3836387306

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 5Current
27 Oct 2026, 16:36 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 4
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Versions 2 to 3
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Risk of Anaphylaxis Among New Users of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Cohort Study.

Summary

Results from this study6

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms