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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2022

13 results

Cost-Utility Analysis of Once-Weekly Semaglutide, Dulaglutide, and Exenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Receiving Metformin-Based Background Therapy in China.

Hu S, Wang S, Qi C, Gu S, Shi C, Mao L, Fan G

Frontiers in pharmacology18 Feb 2022Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID35250578 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8894868 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fphar.2022.831364 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-35250578
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Summary

Introduction: The substantial financial burden associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a lifetime cannot be neglected. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic value of three once-weekly GLP-1 RAs, namely subcutaneous semaglutide (sc. SEMA), dulaglutide (DULA), and extended-release exenatide (e-r EXEN), in treating patients with T2D that cannot be controlled with metformin-based background therapy, and to find a suitable price reduction for non-cost-effective medications, to provide reasonable recommendations to the administration for adjusting drug prices. Methods: The baseline characteristics of the simulation patient cohort were sourced from a comprehensive meta-analysis synthesizing 453 trials evaluating 21 hypoglycemic agents from nine categories of drugs. The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective. After cost-utility analysis, the reasonable price adjustment of non-cost-effective options was explored via binary search. Uncertainty was measured by means of sensitivity analysis. Results: After a 40-year simulation, the sc. SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups yielded 9.6315, 9.5968, and 9.5895 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. In terms of expenditure, the total costs for the sc. SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups were $42012.47, $24931.27, and $40264.80, respectively. DULA was dominant over e-r EXEN due to the higher QALYs and lower total costs. The ICURs of sc. SEMA vs. DULA and sc. SEMA vs. e-r EXEN were $492994.72/QALY and $41622.69/QALY (ICUR > λ), respectively, indicating that sc. SEMA was not more cost-effective than DULA or e-r EXEN. The INMB and absolute NMB yielded the same conclusions which were robust to one-way, scenario, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. After several assumptions in the binary search, sc. SEMA and e-r EXEN appear to become cost-effective when their annual costs are decreased by 57.67% and 70.34%, respectively, with DULA as a counterpart. Conclusion: From the cost-utility analysis, DULA appears to be the most cost-effective option among sc. SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN for the treatment of patients with T2D receiving metformin-based background therapy. With a 57.67% or 70.34% reduction in cost, sc. SEMA or e-r EXEN, respectively, would become as cost-effective as DULA in China.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study13

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone13

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 01Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, semaglutide yielded 9.6315 QALYs after simulation.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections for diabetes in China, semaglutide yielded 9.6315 quality-adjusted life years.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableProjected QALYs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body

    Measurements

    QALYs
    9.6315 QALYs
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups yielded 9.6315, 9.5968, and 9.5895 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    After a 40-year simulation, the sc.
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  2. 02Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, dulaglutide yielded 9.5968 QALYs after simulation.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections for diabetes in China, dulaglutide yielded 9.5968 quality-adjusted life years.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    Not applicableProjected QALYs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body

    Measurements

    QALYs
    9.5968 QALYs
    dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups yielded 9.6315, 9.5968, and 9.5895 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    After a 40-year simulation, the sc.
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  3. 03Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, extended-release exenatide yielded 9.5895 QALYs after simulation.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections for diabetes in China, extended-release exenatide yielded 9.5895 quality-adjusted life years.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableProjected QALYs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body

    Measurements

    QALYs
    9.5895 QALYs
    extended-release exenatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups yielded 9.6315, 9.5968, and 9.5895 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    After a 40-year simulation, the sc.
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  4. 04Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, semaglutide had projected total costs of $42012.47.

    In plain wordsComputer projections estimated semaglutide costs of $42012.47 in the Chinese diabetes model.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableProjected total costs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups were $42012.47, $24931.27, and $40264.80, respectively.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 05Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, dulaglutide had projected total costs of $24931.27.

    In plain wordsComputer projections estimated dulaglutide costs of $24931.27 in the Chinese diabetes model.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    Not applicableProjected total costs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups were $42012.47, $24931.27, and $40264.80, respectively.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  6. 06Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, extended-release exenatide had projected total costs of $40264.80.

    In plain wordsComputer projections estimated extended-release exenatide costs of $40264.80 in the Chinese diabetes model.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableProjected total costs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA, DULA, and e-r EXEN groups were $42012.47, $24931.27, and $40264.80, respectively.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  7. 07Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, dulaglutide yielded higher projected QALYs than extended-release exenatide.

    In plain wordsComputer projections gave dulaglutide more quality-adjusted life years than extended-release exenatide.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected QALYs versus exenatide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Extended-release exenatide
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    DULA was dominant over e-r EXEN due to the higher QALYs and lower total costs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  8. 08Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, dulaglutide had lower projected total costs than extended-release exenatide.

    In plain wordsComputer projections gave dulaglutide lower total costs than extended-release exenatide.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    DecreaseProjected costs versus exenatide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Extended-release exenatide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    DULA was dominant over e-r EXEN due to the higher QALYs and lower total costs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).

  9. 09Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, semaglutide had an incremental cost-utility ratio of $492994.72/QALY versus dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsComputer projections found semaglutide less cost-effective than dulaglutide at the model threshold.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableIncremental cost-utility versus dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The ICURs of sc. SEMA vs. DULA and sc. SEMA vs. e-r EXEN were $492994.72/QALY and $41622.69/QALY (ICUR > λ), respectively, indicating that sc. SEMA was not more cost-effective than DULA or e-r EXEN.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  10. 10Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, semaglutide had an incremental cost-utility ratio of $41622.69/QALY versus extended-release exenatide.

    In plain wordsComputer projections found semaglutide less cost-effective than extended-release exenatide at the model threshold.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableIncremental cost-utility versus exenatide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Extended-release exenatide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The ICURs of sc. SEMA vs. DULA and sc. SEMA vs. e-r EXEN were $492994.72/QALY and $41622.69/QALY (ICUR > λ), respectively, indicating that sc. SEMA was not more cost-effective than DULA or e-r EXEN.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  11. 11Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, semaglutide appeared cost-effective versus dulaglutide after a 57.67% annual cost reduction.

    In plain wordsComputer projections suggested semaglutide could become cost-effective versus dulaglutide with a 57.67% annual cost reduction.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableAnnual cost reduction for cost-effectiveness
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After several assumptions in the binary search, sc. SEMA and e-r EXEN appear to become cost-effective when their annual costs are decreased by 57.67% and 70.34%, respectively, with DULA as a counterpart.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  12. 12Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, extended-release exenatide appeared cost-effective versus dulaglutide after a 70.34% annual cost reduction.

    In plain wordsComputer projections suggested extended-release exenatide could become cost-effective versus dulaglutide with a 70.34% annual cost reduction.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableAnnual cost reduction for cost-effectiveness
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SEMA and e-r EXEN appear to become cost-effective when their annual costs are decreased by 57.67% and 70.34%, respectively, with DULA as a counterpart.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  13. 13Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Chinese diabetes model, net monetary benefit analyses supported semaglutide's cost-effectiveness conclusions, which remained robust in sensitivity analyses.

    In plain wordsComputer analyses supported the cost-effectiveness conclusions for semaglutide versus dulaglutide and exenatide across sensitivity tests.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableNet monetary benefit and sensitivity analyses
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    UKPDS OM2
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide and extended-release exenatide separately
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The INMB and absolute NMB yielded the same conclusions which were robust to one-way, scenario, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    SEMA was not more cost-effective than DULA or e-r EXEN.
    Summary · context
    The UKPDS OM2 was applied to project the long-term effectiveness and costs from a Chinese health care provider's perspective.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 4Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Versions 2 to 3

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    The same notice was added 2 times, first on 21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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