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Study · Systematic review · 2020

15 results

Oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Avgerinos I, Michailidis T, Liakos A, Karagiannis T, Matthews DR, Tsapas A, Bekiari E

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism20 Nov 2019Cited by 56 (Europe PMC)

PMID31637820 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/dom.13899 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-31637820
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

15 results from studies that gave the peptide. 15 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered HbA1c more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered HbA1c more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    WMD
    −0.89%
    HbA1c vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with placebo, oral semaglutide reduced HbA1c and body weight (WMD -0.89%, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.71 and - 2.99 kg, 95% CI -3.69 to -2.30, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered HbA1c more than other active comparators.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered HbA1c more than other diabetes drugs such as liraglutide, empagliflozin and sitagliptin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c versus active comparators
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other antidiabetic agents (including liraglutide, empagliflozin, sitagliptin)
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    WMD
    −0.35%
    HbA1c vs active comparators

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide was also superior to other active comparators (including liraglutide, empagliflozin and sitaglipitin) in terms of lowering HbA1c (WMD -0.35%, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.26)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced body weight more than placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered body weight more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    WMD
    −2.99 kg
    body weight vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with placebo, oral semaglutide reduced HbA1c and body weight (WMD -0.89%, 95% CI -1.07 to -0.71 and - 2.99 kg, 95% CI -3.69 to -2.30, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced body weight more than other active comparators.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered body weight more than other diabetes drugs such as liraglutide, empagliflozin and sitagliptin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight versus active comparators
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other antidiabetic agents (including liraglutide, empagliflozin, sitagliptin)
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    WMD
    −1.48 kg
    body weight vs active comparators

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide was also superior to other active comparators (including liraglutide, empagliflozin and sitaglipitin) in terms of lowering HbA1c (WMD -0.35%, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.26) and reduction of body weight (WMD -1.48 kg, 95% CI -2.28 to -0.67)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had a favourable effect on systolic blood pressure compared with other active comparators.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had a better effect on systolic blood pressure than other diabetes drugs.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseSystolic blood pressure versus active comparators
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other antidiabetic agents (including liraglutide, empagliflozin, sitagliptin)
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    had a favourable effect on systolic blood pressure.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Oral semaglutide was also superior to other active comparators
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced all-cause mortality compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fewer people died from any cause with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseAll-cause mortality versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    OR
    0.58 NA
    all-cause mortality

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with placebo, oral semaglutide reduced all-cause mortality (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  7. 07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fewer people died from heart and blood vessel causes with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiovascular mortality versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    OR
    0.55 NA
    cardiovascular mortality

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with placebo, oral semaglutide reduced all-cause mortality (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92)
    Summary
    and cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.98)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  8. 08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had a neutral effect on myocardial infarction compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had no clear effect on heart attacks compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeMyocardial infarction versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and had a neutral effect on myocardial infarction, stroke, severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic retinopathy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  9. 09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had a neutral effect on stroke compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had no clear effect on stroke compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeStroke versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and had a neutral effect on myocardial infarction, stroke, severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic retinopathy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  10. 10HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had a neutral effect on severe hypoglycaemia compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had no clear effect on severe low blood sugar compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeSevere hypoglycaemia versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and had a neutral effect on myocardial infarction, stroke, severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic retinopathy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  11. 11HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had a neutral effect on diabetic retinopathy compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide had no clear effect on diabetic eye disease compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeDiabetic retinopathy versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and had a neutral effect on myocardial infarction, stroke, severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic retinopathy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  12. 12HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide increased the incidence of nausea.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide caused more nausea.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseNausea
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, treatment with oral semaglutide increased the incidence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, while events of acute pancreatitis were rare.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  13. 13HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide increased the incidence of vomiting.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide caused more vomiting.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseVomiting
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, treatment with oral semaglutide increased the incidence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, while events of acute pancreatitis were rare.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  14. 14HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide increased the incidence of diarrhea.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide caused more diarrhea.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiarrhea
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, treatment with oral semaglutide increased the incidence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, while events of acute pancreatitis were rare.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.
  15. 15HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, events of acute pancreatitis were rare with oral semaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, acute pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas) was rare with oral semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedAcute pancreatitis
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    events of acute pancreatitis were rare.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources up to July 1, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral semaglutide with placebo or other antidiabetic agents.
    Summary · context
    We included 11 RCTs with 9890 patients in the systematic review.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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