Skip to content

Study · In silico · 2016

4 results

Long-Term Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Metformin Combined with Liraglutide or Exenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the CORE Diabetes Model Study.

Zhang X, Liu S, Li Y, Wang Y, Tian M, Liu G

PloS one15 Jun 2016Cited by 10 (Europe PMC)

Summary

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with β cell impairment. Agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (such as liraglutide and exenatide) can increase the number of pancreatic β cells and improve cell function. These drugs contribute to the long-term control of T2DM.ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of metformin combined with liraglutide or exenatide in Chinese patient with T2DM.MethodsPatients with T2DM from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were treated with oral metformin combined with liraglutide (0.6 mg/day, could be increased by 0.6 mg weekly until 1.2 or 1.8 mg) or exenatide (5 μg bid for four weeks, increased to 10 μg bid). The computer simulation model CORE was used to calculate the 30-year expected life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, HbA1c levels, body mass index (BMI), and the incidence of cardiovascular, renal, and ocular complications of T2DM. Patients were followed up for 52 weeks. Medication costs were calculated according to retail prices in China. A 3% annual discount was adopted in this study.ResultsThe 30-year simulation showed that the total direct medical costs were lower using liraglutide compared to exenatide by 2130 RMB/QALY yearly, while the expected life expectancy and QALY were increased by 0.471 years and 0.388, respectively, using liraglutide with an incremental cost-effectiveness of -11,550 RMB/QALYs.ConclusionLiraglutide 1.2 mg/day was superior to exenatide 10 μg bid with respect to cost-effectiveness in Chinese patients with T2DM.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01Computer modelIn silicoOther

    In a 30-year simulation for Chinese patients with T2DM, total direct medical costs were lower with metformin plus liraglutide than with metformin plus exenatide.

    In plain wordsIn a computer model of type 2 diabetes care in China, metformin with liraglutide cost less than metformin with exenatide.

    Outcome
    DecreaseTotal direct medical costs
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    CORE Diabetes Model simulation using data from patients with T2DM at one Chinese hospital
    Comparator
    Metformin plus exenatide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg/day, increased weekly to 1.2 or 1.8 mgAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Difference in total direct medical costs
    2130 RMB/QALY yearly
    liraglutide lower than exenatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The 30-year simulation showed that the total direct medical costs were lower using liraglutide compared to exenatide by 2130 RMB/QALY yearly, while the expected life expectancy and QALY were increased by 0.471 years and 0.388, respectively, using liraglutide with an incremental cost-effectiveness of -11,550 RMB/QALYs.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Patients with T2DM from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were treated with oral metformin combined with liraglutide (0.6 mg/day, could be increased by 0.6 mg weekly until 1.2 or 1.8 mg) or exenatide (5 μg bid for four weeks, increased to 10 μg bid).
    Summary · context
    The computer simulation model CORE was used to calculate the 30-year expected life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, HbA1c levels, body mass index (BMI), and the incidence of cardiovascular, renal, and ocular complications of T2DM.
  2. 02Computer modelIn silicoOther

    In a 30-year simulation for Chinese patients with T2DM, expected life expectancy was higher with metformin plus liraglutide than with exenatide, both given with metformin.

    In plain wordsIn a computer model of type 2 diabetes care in China, expected life span was longer with metformin plus liraglutide than with metformin plus exenatide.

    Outcome
    IncreaseExpected life expectancy
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    CORE Diabetes Model simulation using data from patients with T2DM at one Chinese hospital
    Comparator
    Metformin plus exenatide
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg/day, increased weekly to 1.2 or 1.8 mgAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in expected life expectancy
    0.471 years
    liraglutide versus exenatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The 30-year simulation showed that the total direct medical costs were lower using liraglutide compared to exenatide by 2130 RMB/QALY yearly, while the expected life expectancy and QALY were increased by 0.471 years and 0.388, respectively, using liraglutide with an incremental cost-effectiveness of -11,550 RMB/QALYs.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Patients with T2DM from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were treated with oral metformin combined with liraglutide (0.6 mg/day, could be increased by 0.6 mg weekly until 1.2 or 1.8 mg) or exenatide (5 μg bid for four weeks, increased to 10 μg bid).
    Summary · context
    The computer simulation model CORE was used to calculate the 30-year expected life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, HbA1c levels, body mass index (BMI), and the incidence of cardiovascular, renal, and ocular complications of T2DM.
  3. 03Computer modelIn silicoOther

    In a 30-year simulation for Chinese patients with T2DM, QALY was higher with metformin plus liraglutide than with metformin plus exenatide.

    In plain wordsIn a computer model of type 2 diabetes care in China, metformin with liraglutide gave more healthy life years than metformin with exenatide.

    Outcome
    IncreaseQuality-adjusted life years
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    CORE Diabetes Model simulation using data from patients with T2DM at one Chinese hospital
    Comparator
    Metformin plus exenatide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg/day, increased weekly to 1.2 or 1.8 mgAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in QALY
    0.388 QALY
    liraglutide versus exenatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The 30-year simulation showed that the total direct medical costs were lower using liraglutide compared to exenatide by 2130 RMB/QALY yearly, while the expected life expectancy and QALY were increased by 0.471 years and 0.388, respectively, using liraglutide with an incremental cost-effectiveness of -11,550 RMB/QALYs.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Patients with T2DM from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were treated with oral metformin combined with liraglutide (0.6 mg/day, could be increased by 0.6 mg weekly until 1.2 or 1.8 mg) or exenatide (5 μg bid for four weeks, increased to 10 μg bid).
    Summary · context
    The computer simulation model CORE was used to calculate the 30-year expected life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, HbA1c levels, body mass index (BMI), and the incidence of cardiovascular, renal, and ocular complications of T2DM.
  4. 04Computer modelIn silicoOther

    In a 30-year simulation for Chinese patients with T2DM, metformin plus liraglutide had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -11,550 RMB/QALYs versus metformin plus exenatide.

    In plain wordsIn a computer model of type 2 diabetes care in China, metformin with liraglutide was both cheaper and more effective than metformin with exenatide.

    Outcome
    Not applicableIncremental cost-effectiveness ratio
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    CORE Diabetes Model simulation using data from patients with T2DM at one Chinese hospital
    Comparator
    Metformin plus exenatide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg/day, increased weekly to 1.2 or 1.8 mgAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The 30-year simulation showed that the total direct medical costs were lower using liraglutide compared to exenatide by 2130 RMB/QALY yearly, while the expected life expectancy and QALY were increased by 0.471 years and 0.388, respectively, using liraglutide with an incremental cost-effectiveness of -11,550 RMB/QALYs.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Patients with T2DM from the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were treated with oral metformin combined with liraglutide (0.6 mg/day, could be increased by 0.6 mg weekly until 1.2 or 1.8 mg) or exenatide (5 μg bid for four weeks, increased to 10 μg bid).
    Summary · context
    The computer simulation model CORE was used to calculate the 30-year expected life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, HbA1c levels, body mass index (BMI), and the incidence of cardiovascular, renal, and ocular complications of T2DM.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 2

    12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.