Determining predictors of early response to exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Khan M, Ouyang J, Perkins K, Nair S, Joseph F

Journal of diabetes research20 Jan 2015Cited by 23 (Europe PMC)

PMID25688374PMCIDPMC4320857DOI10.1155/2015/162718PepBankPUB-25688374

Summary

Exenatide is a GLP-1 analogue used in the management of T2DM yet within a subset of patients fails due to adverse side effects or from failure to attain the end goal. This retrospective observational study aimed to determine whether we could predict response to exenatide in patients with T2DM. 112 patients on exenatide were included with patient age, gender, duration of T2DM, medications alongside exenatide and weight, BMI, and HbA1c at baseline and 3 and 6 months of exenatide use being recorded. 63 responded with 11 mmol/mol reduction from baseline HbA1c after six months and 49 did not respond to exenatide. HbA1c solely differed significantly between cohorts at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (P < 0.05). Regression analyses identified a negative linear relationship with higher baseline HbA1c correlating to greater reductions in HbA1c by 6 months (P < 0.0001). HbA1c was the sole predictor of exenatide response with higher baseline HbA1c increasing the odds of response by 5% (P = 0.004). Patients with HbA1c reductions ≥15-20% by 3 months were more likely to be responders by 6 months (P = 0.033). Our study identified that baseline HbA1c acted as the sole predictor of exenatide response and that response may be determined after 3 months of exenatide administration.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study5

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. 1 result from people.

01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In type 2 diabetes, 63 of 112 exenatide recipients met the response definition (HbA1c reduction of 11 mmol/mol from baseline after six months) and 49 did not.
In plain wordsIn type 2 diabetes, 63 of 112 people on exenatide met the study's blood sugar response definition and 49 did not.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseGlycemic response
Study
n = 112
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Responders
63 patients
exenatide recipients
Non-responders
49 patients
exenatide recipients
Source sentences
Summary
63 responded with 11 mmol/mol reduction from baseline HbA1c after six months and 49 did not respond to exenatide.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This retrospective observational study aimed to determine whether we could predict response to exenatide in patients with T2DM.
Summary · context
112 patients on exenatide were included with patient age, gender, duration of T2DM, medications alongside exenatide and weight, BMI, and HbA1c at baseline and 3 and 6 months of exenatide use being recorded.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2568837401

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

02HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneObservational studyOther
In exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, HbA1c differed significantly between response cohorts at baseline and both follow-up visits.
In plain wordsIn exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, blood sugar differed between responders and nonresponders before and during treatment.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedHbA1c differences between response cohorts
Study
n = 112
Comparator
Responders versus nonresponders
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
HbA1c solely differed significantly between cohorts at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (P < 0.05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This retrospective observational study aimed to determine whether we could predict response to exenatide in patients with T2DM.
Summary · context
112 patients on exenatide were included with patient age, gender, duration of T2DM, medications alongside exenatide and weight, BMI, and HbA1c at baseline and 3 and 6 months of exenatide use being recorded.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2568837402
03HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneObservational studyOther
In exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, higher baseline HbA1c was linked to greater HbA1c reductions by six months.
In plain wordsIn exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, higher initial blood sugar was linked to greater blood sugar reductions.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseBaseline HbA1c association with HbA1c reduction
Study
n = 112
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Regression analyses identified a negative linear relationship with higher baseline HbA1c correlating to greater reductions in HbA1c by 6 months (P < 0.0001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This retrospective observational study aimed to determine whether we could predict response to exenatide in patients with T2DM.
Summary · context
112 patients on exenatide were included with patient age, gender, duration of T2DM, medications alongside exenatide and weight, BMI, and HbA1c at baseline and 3 and 6 months of exenatide use being recorded.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2568837403
04HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneObservational studyOther
In exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, higher baseline HbA1c was linked to 5% higher response odds and was the sole identified predictor.
In plain wordsIn exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, higher initial blood sugar was linked to higher odds of treatment response.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseBaseline HbA1c prediction of response
Study
n = 112
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Increase in odds of response with higher baseline HbA1c
5%
higher baseline HbA1c
Source sentences
Summary
HbA1c was the sole predictor of exenatide response with higher baseline HbA1c increasing the odds of response by 5% (P = 0.004).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This retrospective observational study aimed to determine whether we could predict response to exenatide in patients with T2DM.
Summary · context
112 patients on exenatide were included with patient age, gender, duration of T2DM, medications alongside exenatide and weight, BMI, and HbA1c at baseline and 3 and 6 months of exenatide use being recorded.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2568837404
05HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneObservational studyOther
In exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, HbA1c reductions ≥15-20% at three months were linked to response at six months.
In plain wordsIn exenatide-treated type 2 diabetes, larger early blood sugar reductions were linked to later response.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseEarly HbA1c reduction prediction of response
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Patients without the reported early reduction
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Patients with HbA1c reductions ≥15-20% by 3 months were more likely to be responders by 6 months (P = 0.033).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This retrospective observational study aimed to determine whether we could predict response to exenatide in patients with T2DM.
Summary · context
112 patients on exenatide were included with patient age, gender, duration of T2DM, medications alongside exenatide and weight, BMI, and HbA1c at baseline and 3 and 6 months of exenatide use being recorded.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2568837405

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 4 to 8Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
The same notice was added 5 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 3
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 2
12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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