Cost-effectiveness analysis of liraglutide versus sitagliptin or exenatide in patients with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs in Greece.

Tzanetakos C, Melidonis A, Verras C, Kourlaba G, Maniadakis N

BMC health services research22 Sept 2014Cited by 20 (Europe PMC)

PMID25245666PMCIDPMC4179852DOI10.1186/1472-6963-14-419PepBankPUB-25245666

Summary

BackgroundTo evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus sitagliptin or exenatide, added to oral antidiabetic drug mono- or combination therapy respectively, in patients with Type 2 diabetes in Greece.MethodsThe CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting. Patient and intervention effects data were gathered from a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.2 mg once daily vs. sitagliptin 100 mg once daily, both combined with metformin, and a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily vs. exenatide 10 μg twice daily, both as add-on to metformin, glimepiride or both. Direct costs were reported in 2013 Euros and calculated based on published and local sources. All future outcomes were discounted at 3.5% per annum, and the analysis was conducted from the perspective of a third-party payer in Greece.ResultsOver a patient's lifetime, treatment with liraglutide 1.2 mg vs. sitagliptin drove a mean increase in discounted life expectancy of 0.13 (SD 0.23) years and in discounted quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.19 (0.16) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), whereas therapy with liraglutide 1.8 mg vs. exenatide yielded increases of 0.14 (0.23) years and 0.19 (0.16) QALYs respectively. As regards lifetime direct costs, liraglutide 1.2 mg resulted in greater costs of €2797 (€1468) versus sitagliptin, and so did liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with exenatide (€1302 [€1492]). Liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg doses were associated with incremental cost effectiveness ratios of €15101 and €6818 per QALY gained, respectively.ConclusionsLiraglutide is likely to be a cost-effective option for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes in a Greek setting.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, liraglutide versus sitagliptin increased discounted life expectancy by 0.13 years.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, liraglutide increased projected life expectancy by 0.13 years compared with sitagliptin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDiscounted life expectancy versus sitagliptin
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Sitagliptin
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Over a patient's lifetime, treatment with liraglutide 1.2 mg vs. sitagliptin drove a mean increase in discounted life expectancy of 0.13 (SD 0.23) years and in discounted quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.19 (0.16) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs),
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566601
02Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, liraglutide versus sitagliptin increased discounted quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.19 QALYs.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, liraglutide increased projected quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with sitagliptin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseQuality-adjusted life expectancy versus sitagliptin
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Sitagliptin
Outcome group
Quality of life · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Over a patient's lifetime, treatment with liraglutide 1.2 mg vs. sitagliptin drove a mean increase in discounted life expectancy of 0.13 (SD 0.23) years and in discounted quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.19 (0.16) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs),
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566602
03Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, liraglutide versus exenatide increased discounted life expectancy by 0.14 years.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, liraglutide increased projected life expectancy by 0.14 years compared with exenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDiscounted life expectancy versus exenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Exenatide
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
whereas therapy with liraglutide 1.8 mg vs. exenatide yielded increases of 0.14 (0.23) years and 0.19 (0.16) QALYs respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566603
04Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, projected discounted life expectancy was lower with exenatide than liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, exenatide had lower projected life expectancy than liraglutide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseDiscounted life expectancy versus liraglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Liraglutide
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
whereas therapy with liraglutide 1.8 mg vs. exenatide yielded increases of 0.14 (0.23) years and 0.19 (0.16) QALYs respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566604
05Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, liraglutide versus exenatide increased discounted quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.19 QALYs.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, liraglutide increased projected quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with exenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseQuality-adjusted life expectancy versus exenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Exenatide
Outcome group
Quality of life · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
whereas therapy with liraglutide 1.8 mg vs. exenatide yielded increases of 0.14 (0.23) years and 0.19 (0.16) QALYs respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566605
06Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, projected quality-adjusted life expectancy was lower with exenatide than liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, exenatide had lower projected quality-adjusted life expectancy than liraglutide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseQuality-adjusted life expectancy versus liraglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Liraglutide
Outcome group
Quality of life · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
whereas therapy with liraglutide 1.8 mg vs. exenatide yielded increases of 0.14 (0.23) years and 0.19 (0.16) QALYs respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566606
07Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, liraglutide increased lifetime direct costs versus sitagliptin.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, liraglutide cost more over a lifetime than sitagliptin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseLifetime direct costs versus sitagliptin
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Sitagliptin
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
As regards lifetime direct costs, liraglutide 1.2 mg resulted in greater costs of €2797 (€1468) versus sitagliptin, and so did liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with exenatide (€1302 [€1492]).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566607
08Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, liraglutide increased lifetime direct costs versus exenatide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, liraglutide cost more over a lifetime than exenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseLifetime direct costs versus exenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Exenatide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
As regards lifetime direct costs, liraglutide 1.2 mg resulted in greater costs of €2797 (€1468) versus sitagliptin, and so did liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with exenatide (€1302 [€1492]).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566608
09Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, exenatide had lower lifetime direct costs than liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, exenatide cost less over a lifetime than liraglutide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseLifetime direct costs versus liraglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Liraglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
As regards lifetime direct costs, liraglutide 1.2 mg resulted in greater costs of €2797 (€1468) versus sitagliptin, and so did liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with exenatide (€1302 [€1492]).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566609
10Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, lower-dose liraglutide had an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of €15101 per QALY gained.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, lower-dose liraglutide cost €15101 per extra quality-adjusted life year compared with sitagliptin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableIncremental cost effectiveness at lower dose
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Sitagliptin
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg doses were associated with incremental cost effectiveness ratios of €15101 and €6818 per QALY gained, respectively.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patient and intervention effects data were gathered from a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.2 mg once daily vs. sitagliptin 100 mg once daily, both combined with metformin, and a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily vs. exenatide 10 μg twice daily, both as add-on to metformin, glimepiride or both.
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566610
11Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, higher-dose liraglutide had an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of €6818 per QALY gained.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, higher-dose liraglutide cost €6818 per extra quality-adjusted life year compared with exenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableIncremental cost effectiveness at higher dose
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Exenatide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg doses were associated with incremental cost effectiveness ratios of €15101 and €6818 per QALY gained, respectively.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patient and intervention effects data were gathered from a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.2 mg once daily vs. sitagliptin 100 mg once daily, both combined with metformin, and a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily vs. exenatide 10 μg twice daily, both as add-on to metformin, glimepiride or both.
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566611
12Computer modelNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Greek diabetes simulation, switching from exenatide to liraglutide cost €6818 per QALY gained.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, switching from exenatide to liraglutide cost €6818 per extra quality-adjusted life year.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableLiraglutide incremental cost effectiveness versus exenatide
Study
n: not reported in source
CORE Diabetes Model adapted to Greece
Comparator
Liraglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg doses were associated with incremental cost effectiveness ratios of €15101 and €6818 per QALY gained, respectively.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patient and intervention effects data were gathered from a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.2 mg once daily vs. sitagliptin 100 mg once daily, both combined with metformin, and a clinical trial comparing liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily vs. exenatide 10 μg twice daily, both as add-on to metformin, glimepiride or both.
Summary · context
The CORE Diabetes Model, a validated computer simulation model, was adapted to the Greek healthcare setting.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2524566612

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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