Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione.

Richie JP Jr, Nichenametla S, Neidig W, Calcagnotto A, Haley JS, Schell TD, Muscat JE

European journal of nutrition5 May 2014Cited by 80 (Europe PMC)

PMID24791752DOI10.1007/s00394-014-0706-zPepBankPUB-24791752

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. 11 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased natural killer cytotoxicity more than twofold versus placebo at 3 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased natural killer cell activity compared with placebo.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseNatural killer cytotoxicity
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
1,000 mg/day · oral · 3 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Natural killer cytotoxicity fold increase
> 2 fold
High-dose group versus placebo, 3 months
P value for natural killer cytotoxicity
< 0.05 p value
High-dose group versus placebo, 3 months
Source sentences
Summary
Natural killer cytotoxicity increased >twofold in the high-dose group versus placebo (P < 0.05) at 3 months.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Secondary outcomes on a subset of subjects included a battery of immune markers.
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175211
02HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, blood GSH increased from baseline at both oral GSH doses after 1, 3 and 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, both GSH doses increased blood glutathione compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseBlood GSH at both doses
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
250 or 1,000 mg/day · oral · 1, 3 and 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
GSH levels in blood increased after 1, 3 and 6 months versus baseline at both doses.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175201
03HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased erythrocyte GSH by 30-35 % at 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased glutathione in red blood cells compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseErythrocyte GSH at high dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
1,000 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Erythrocyte GSH increase
30 to 35%
High-dose group, 6 months, erythrocytes
P value for erythrocyte GSH increase
< 0.05 p value
High-dose group, 6 months, erythrocyte GSH increase from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
At 6 months, mean GSH levels increased 30-35 % in erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes and 260 % in buccal cells in the high-dose group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175202
04HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased plasma GSH by 30-35 % at 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased plasma glutathione compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreasePlasma GSH at high dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
1,000 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Plasma GSH increase
30 to 35%
High-dose group, 6 months, plasma
P value for plasma GSH increase
< 0.05 p value
High-dose group, 6 months, plasma GSH increase from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
At 6 months, mean GSH levels increased 30-35 % in erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes and 260 % in buccal cells in the high-dose group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175203
05HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased lymphocyte GSH by 30-35 % at 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased glutathione in lymphocytes compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseLymphocyte GSH at high dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
1,000 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Lymphocyte GSH increase
30 to 35%
High-dose group, 6 months, lymphocytes
P value for lymphocyte GSH increase
< 0.05 p value
High-dose group, 6 months, lymphocyte GSH increase from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
At 6 months, mean GSH levels increased 30-35 % in erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes and 260 % in buccal cells in the high-dose group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175204
06HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased buccal cell GSH by 260 % at 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, high-dose GSH increased glutathione in cheek cells compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseBuccal cell GSH at high dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
1,000 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Buccal cell GSH increase
260%
High-dose group, 6 months, buccal cells
P value for buccal cell GSH increase
< 0.05 p value
High-dose group, 6 months, buccal cell GSH increase from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
At 6 months, mean GSH levels increased 30-35 % in erythrocytes, plasma and lymphocytes and 260 % in buccal cells in the high-dose group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175205
07HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, low-dose GSH increased blood GSH by 17 %.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, low-dose GSH increased blood glutathione compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseBlood GSH at low dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
250 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Blood GSH increase
17%
Low-dose group, blood
P value for blood GSH increase
< 0.05 p value
Low-dose group, blood GSH increase from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
GSH levels increased 17 and 29 % in blood and erythrocytes, respectively, in the low-dose group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175206
08HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults, low-dose GSH increased erythrocyte GSH by 29 %.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, low-dose GSH increased glutathione in red blood cells compared with baseline.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
IncreaseErythrocyte GSH at low dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
250 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Erythrocyte GSH increase
29%
Low-dose group, erythrocytes
P value for erythrocyte GSH increase
< 0.05 p value
Low-dose group, erythrocyte GSH increase from baseline
Source sentences
Summary
GSH levels increased 17 and 29 % in blood and erythrocytes, respectively, in the low-dose group (P < 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175207
09HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics
In healthy adults receiving oral GSH, levels returned to baseline after a 1-month washout.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, glutathione levels returned to baseline after supplementation stopped.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
Direction not reportedGSH after washout
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
Studied dose
250 or 1,000 mg/day · oralAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
In most cases, the increases were dose and time dependent, and levels returned to baseline after a 1-month washout period.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175208
10HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy adults, low-dose GSH decreased the whole-blood oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio after 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, low-dose GSH reduced a blood marker of oxidative stress.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
DecreaseOxidized to reduced GSH ratio
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Whole body
Studied dose
250 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
A reduction in oxidative stress in both GSH dose groups was indicated by decreases in the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio in whole blood after 6 months.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175209
11HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In healthy adults, high-dose GSH decreased the whole-blood oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio after 6 months.
In plain wordsIn healthy adults, high-dose GSH reduced a blood marker of oxidative stress.
Peptide
Glutathione
Outcome
DecreaseOxidized to reduced GSH ratio
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Whole body
Studied dose
1,000 mg/day · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
A reduction in oxidative stress in both GSH dose groups was indicated by decreases in the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio in whole blood after 6 months.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on GSH levels in blood, erythrocytes, plasma, lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal mucosal cells was conducted in 54 non-smoking adults.
Report a problemFND-2479175210

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials2

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

2 trials · 2 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedNot applicableNCT02948673

The Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to Glutathione Supplementation and Acute Exercise

University of Copenhagenn = 20May 2016 to Dec 2017

Type 2 Diabetes · Oxidative Stress · Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 2 May 2018

CompletedNot applicableNCT01044277

Oral Glutathione Supplementation on the Levels of Blood Glutathione

Milton S. Hershey Medical Centern = 61Feb 2010 to Oct 2014

Healthy Adults

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 6 Sept 2022

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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