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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rodents · 2012

15 results

The role of nausea in food intake and body weight suppression by peripheral GLP-1 receptor agonists, exendin-4 and liraglutide.

Kanoski SE, Rupprecht LE, Fortin SM, De Jonghe BC, Hayes MR

Neuropharmacology28 Dec 2011Cited by 248 (Europe PMC)

PMID22227019 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4183930 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.022 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-22227019
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

13 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, all peripheral exendin‑4 doses that suppressed food intake also produced conditioned taste avoidance.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, every peripheral exendin‑4 dose that reduced food intake also produced taste avoidance.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFood intake after peripheral doses
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Using two established rodent models of nausea [conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica (ingestion of nonnutritive substances)], results show that all peripheral doses of exendin-4 that suppress food intake also produce CTA, whereas one dose of liraglutide suppresses intake without producing CTA.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rodents, every peripheral exendin‑4 dose that suppressed food intake produced conditioned taste avoidance.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, every peripheral exendin‑4 dose that reduced food intake also produced taste avoidance.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseConditioned taste avoidance
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Using two established rodent models of nausea [conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica (ingestion of nonnutritive substances)], results show that all peripheral doses of exendin-4 that suppress food intake also produce CTA, whereas one dose of liraglutide suppresses intake without producing CTA.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, one liraglutide dose suppressed food intake without conditioned taste avoidance.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, one liraglutide dose reduced food intake without taste avoidance.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFood intake without taste avoidance
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Using two established rodent models of nausea [conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica (ingestion of nonnutritive substances)], results show that all peripheral doses of exendin-4 that suppress food intake also produce CTA, whereas one dose of liraglutide suppresses intake without producing CTA.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rodents, one intake-suppressing liraglutide dose did not produce conditioned taste avoidance.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, one liraglutide dose reduced food intake without producing taste avoidance.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeConditioned taste avoidance at intake-suppressing dose
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Using two established rodent models of nausea [conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica (ingestion of nonnutritive substances)], results show that all peripheral doses of exendin-4 that suppress food intake also produce CTA, whereas one dose of liraglutide suppresses intake without producing CTA.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rodents, daily peripheral exendin‑4 progressively increased pica.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, daily peripheral exendin‑4 progressively increased ingestion of nonfood material.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePica during daily treatment
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 daysAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chronic (12 days) daily peripheral administration of exendin-4 produces a progressive increase in pica coupled with stable, sustained food intake and body weight suppression, whereas the pica response and food intake reduction by daily liraglutide are more transient.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, daily peripheral exendin‑4 produced sustained food intake suppression.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, daily peripheral exendin‑4 produced sustained reductions in food intake.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFood intake during daily treatment
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 daysAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chronic (12 days) daily peripheral administration of exendin-4 produces a progressive increase in pica coupled with stable, sustained food intake and body weight suppression, whereas the pica response and food intake reduction by daily liraglutide are more transient.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, daily peripheral exendin‑4 produced sustained body weight suppression.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, daily peripheral exendin‑4 produced sustained body weight suppression.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight during daily treatment
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 daysAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chronic (12 days) daily peripheral administration of exendin-4 produces a progressive increase in pica coupled with stable, sustained food intake and body weight suppression, whereas the pica response and food intake reduction by daily liraglutide are more transient.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rodents, daily liraglutide produced a more transient pica response than daily exendin-4.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, daily liraglutide produced a more transient pica response than daily exendin-4.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicablePica during daily treatment
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Comparator
    Daily peripheral exendin-4
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chronic (12 days) daily peripheral administration of exendin-4 produces a progressive increase in pica coupled with stable, sustained food intake and body weight suppression, whereas the pica response and food intake reduction by daily liraglutide are more transient.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, daily liraglutide produced a more transient food intake reduction than exendin-4.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, daily liraglutide reduced food intake for less time than exendin-4.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableFood intake during daily treatment
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Comparator
    Daily peripheral exendin-4
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chronic (12 days) daily peripheral administration of exendin-4 produces a progressive increase in pica coupled with stable, sustained food intake and body weight suppression, whereas the pica response and food intake reduction by daily liraglutide are more transient.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, exendin‑4 administration to the mNTS reduced food intake.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, exendin‑4 in the mNTS brain region reduced food intake.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFood intake after mNTS administration
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · mNTS administrationAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Direct administration of exendin-4 to the medial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS), but not to the central nucleus of the amygdala, reduced food intake and produced a pica response, establishing the mNTS as a potential GLP-1R-expressing site mediating nausea responses associated with GLP-1R agonists.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rodents, exendin‑4 administration to the mNTS produced pica.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, exendin‑4 in the mNTS brain region produced pica.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePica after mNTS administration
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · mNTS administrationAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Direct administration of exendin-4 to the medial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS), but not to the central nucleus of the amygdala, reduced food intake and produced a pica response, establishing the mNTS as a potential GLP-1R-expressing site mediating nausea responses associated with GLP-1R agonists.
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rodents, exendin‑4 administration to the central amygdala did not reduce food intake.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, exendin‑4 in the central amygdala did not reduce food intake.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeFood intake after amygdala administration
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · central nucleus of the amygdala administrationAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Direct administration of exendin-4 to the medial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS), but not to the central nucleus of the amygdala, reduced food intake and produced a pica response, establishing the mNTS as a potential GLP-1R-expressing site mediating nausea responses associated with GLP-1R agonists.
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rodents, exendin‑4 administration to the central amygdala did not produce pica.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, exendin‑4 in the central amygdala did not produce pica.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changePica after amygdala administration
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · central nucleus of the amygdala administrationAs given in this study (rodents).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Direct administration of exendin-4 to the medial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS), but not to the central nucleus of the amygdala, reduced food intake and produced a pica response, establishing the mNTS as a potential GLP-1R-expressing site mediating nausea responses associated with GLP-1R agonists.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 14AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rodents, central GLP-1 receptor antagonist administration attenuated exendin‑4-induced pica.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, a central receptor blocker reduced exendin‑4-induced pica.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreasePica blockade by central antagonist
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    the exendin-4-induced pica response is attenuated with CNS co-administration of the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39), but not by vagotomy.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  2. 15AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rodents, vagotomy did not attenuate exendin‑4-induced pica.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, cutting the vagus nerve did not reduce exendin‑4-induced pica.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changePica after vagotomy
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Conditioned taste avoidance and pica models
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    the exendin-4-induced pica response is attenuated with CNS co-administration of the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39), but not by vagotomy.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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