Peripheral and central GLP-1 receptor populations mediate the anorectic effects of peripherally administered GLP-1 receptor agonists, liraglutide and exendin-4.

Kanoski SE, Fortin SM, Arnold M, Grill HJ, Hayes MR

Endocrinology21 Jun 2011Cited by 312 (Europe PMC)

PMID21693680PMCIDPMC3138234DOI10.1210/en.2011-0174PepBankPUB-21693680

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In surgical control rats, exendin‑4 suppressed food intake at 3, 6, and 24 hours.
In plain wordsIn rats with control surgery, exendin‑4 suppressed food intake at 3, 6, and 24 hours.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseControl rat food intake
Study
ratn: not reported in source
surgical control and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Both liraglutide and exendin-4 suppressed food intake at 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h for controls;
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Experiments addressed whether food intake suppression after i.p. delivery of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated exclusively by peripheral GLP-1R or also involves direct central nervous system (CNS) GLP-1R activation.
Summary · context
To assess the contribution of GLP-1R expressed on subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents to the anorectic effects of liraglutide and exendin-4, food intake was compared in rats with complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation and surgical controls after i.p. delivery of the agonists.
Report a problemFND-2169368003
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In surgical control rats, liraglutide suppressed food intake at 3, 6, and 24 hours.
In plain wordsIn rats with control surgery, liraglutide suppressed food intake at 3, 6, and 24 hours.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseControl rat food intake
Study
ratn: not reported in source
surgical control and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Both liraglutide and exendin-4 suppressed food intake at 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h for controls;
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Experiments addressed whether food intake suppression after i.p. delivery of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated exclusively by peripheral GLP-1R or also involves direct central nervous system (CNS) GLP-1R activation.
Summary · context
To assess the contribution of GLP-1R expressed on subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents to the anorectic effects of liraglutide and exendin-4, food intake was compared in rats with complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation and surgical controls after i.p. delivery of the agonists.
Report a problemFND-2169368004
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In vagally deafferented rats, higher exendin‑4 doses were needed for significant food intake suppression, observed at 24 hours.
In plain wordsIn rats with vagal deafferentation, higher exendin‑4 doses were needed to suppress food intake significantly, observed at 24 hours.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseDeafferented rat food intake
Study
ratn: not reported in source
surgical control and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
for subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats higher doses of the GLP-1R agonists were needed for significant food intake suppression, which was observed at 6 h and 24 h after liraglutide and at 24 h after exendin-4.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Experiments addressed whether food intake suppression after i.p. delivery of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated exclusively by peripheral GLP-1R or also involves direct central nervous system (CNS) GLP-1R activation.
Summary · context
To assess the contribution of GLP-1R expressed on subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents to the anorectic effects of liraglutide and exendin-4, food intake was compared in rats with complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation and surgical controls after i.p. delivery of the agonists.
Report a problemFND-2169368005
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In vagally deafferented rats, higher liraglutide doses were needed for significant food intake suppression, observed at 6 and 24 hours.
In plain wordsIn rats with vagal deafferentation, higher liraglutide doses were needed to suppress food intake significantly, observed at 6 and 24 hours.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseDeafferented rat food intake
Study
ratn: not reported in source
surgical control and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
for subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats higher doses of the GLP-1R agonists were needed for significant food intake suppression, which was observed at 6 h and 24 h after liraglutide and at 24 h after exendin-4.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Experiments addressed whether food intake suppression after i.p. delivery of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated exclusively by peripheral GLP-1R or also involves direct central nervous system (CNS) GLP-1R activation.
Summary · context
To assess the contribution of GLP-1R expressed on subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents to the anorectic effects of liraglutide and exendin-4, food intake was compared in rats with complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation and surgical controls after i.p. delivery of the agonists.
Report a problemFND-2169368006

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

05AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, central exendin-(9-39) attenuated food intake suppression from peripheral exendin‑4, particularly at 6 and 24 hours.
In plain wordsIn rats, a central receptor blocker weakened food intake suppression from exendin‑4 compared with exendin‑4 without the blocker.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseCentral antagonist attenuation of food suppression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
surgical control and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats
Comparator
exendin-4 without central antagonist
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Results showed that CNS delivery [third intracerebroventricular (3(rd) ICV)] of the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39) (100 μg), attenuated the intake suppression by i.p. liraglutide (10 μg) and exendin-4 (3 μg), particularly at 6 h and 24 h.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Experiments addressed whether food intake suppression after i.p. delivery of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated exclusively by peripheral GLP-1R or also involves direct central nervous system (CNS) GLP-1R activation.
Summary · context
To assess the contribution of GLP-1R expressed on subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents to the anorectic effects of liraglutide and exendin-4, food intake was compared in rats with complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation and surgical controls after i.p. delivery of the agonists.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2169368001
06AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats, central exendin-(9-39) attenuated food intake suppression from peripheral liraglutide, particularly at 6 and 24 hours.
In plain wordsIn rats, a central receptor blocker weakened food intake suppression from liraglutide compared with liraglutide without the blocker.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseCentral antagonist attenuation of food suppression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
surgical control and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation rats
Comparator
liraglutide without central antagonist
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Results showed that CNS delivery [third intracerebroventricular (3(rd) ICV)] of the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39) (100 μg), attenuated the intake suppression by i.p. liraglutide (10 μg) and exendin-4 (3 μg), particularly at 6 h and 24 h.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Experiments addressed whether food intake suppression after i.p. delivery of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated exclusively by peripheral GLP-1R or also involves direct central nervous system (CNS) GLP-1R activation.
Summary · context
To assess the contribution of GLP-1R expressed on subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents to the anorectic effects of liraglutide and exendin-4, food intake was compared in rats with complete subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation and surgical controls after i.p. delivery of the agonists.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-2169368002

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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