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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2011

13 results

Comparative effects of the long-acting GLP-1 receptor ligands, liraglutide and exendin-4, on food intake and body weight suppression in rats.

Hayes MR, Kanoski SE, Alhadeff AL, Grill HJ

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)17 Mar 2011Cited by 99 (Europe PMC)

PMID21415845 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/oby.2011.50 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-21415845
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study13

13 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese rats, once-daily liraglutide reduced chow intake in a dose-dependent fashion after intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration.

    In plain wordsIn rats, liraglutide reduced food intake in a dose-related way after injection.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseChow intake in nonobese rats, dose-dependent
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    50, 100 and 300 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitoneal or subcutaneousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Once-daily (q.d.) exendin-4 (0, 0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg) and liraglutide (0, 50, 100, and 300 µg/kg, q.d.) both reduced the chow intake in nonobese rats in a dose-dependent fashion following either intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) administration
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese chow-maintained rats, liraglutide reduced 24 and 48 h body weight, whereas exendin-4 did not.

    In plain wordsIn rats, liraglutide lowered body weight at 24 and 48 hours, while exendin-4 did not.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Decrease24 and 48 h body weight in nonobese rats
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Comparator
    Exendin-4
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    50, 100 and 300 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitoneal or subcutaneousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    whereas only liraglutide reduced 24 and 48 h body weight in nonobese, chow-maintained rats.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese rats, liraglutide suppressed chow intake with greater magnitude and shorter latency after intraperitoneal than after subcutaneous delivery.

    In plain wordsIn rats, liraglutide cut food intake more and faster when injected into the abdomen than under the skin.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseChow intake suppression, intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Comparator
    Subcutaneous delivery
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    50, 100 and 300 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chow intake and body weight suppression by liraglutide were of greater magnitude and shorter latency following IP compared to SC delivery
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese rats, liraglutide suppressed body weight with greater magnitude and shorter latency after intraperitoneal than after subcutaneous delivery.

    In plain wordsIn rats, liraglutide lowered body weight more and faster when injected into the abdomen than under the skin.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight suppression, intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Comparator
    Subcutaneous delivery
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    50, 100 and 300 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Chow intake and body weight suppression by liraglutide were of greater magnitude and shorter latency following IP compared to SC delivery
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diet-induced obese rats, liraglutide 50 µg/kg q.d. suppressed overall high fat/sucrose diet intake to a comparable degree as exendin-4 3 µg/kg b.i.d.

    In plain wordsIn obese rats, liraglutide cut food intake about as much as exendin-4.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeHigh fat/sucrose diet intake in DIO rats over 7 days
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diet-induced obese (DIO) rats
    Comparator
    Exendin-4 3 µg/kg b.i.d.
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    50 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitoneal · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Liraglutide (50 µg/kg q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg b.i.d.) were comparable in suppressing overall high fat/sucrose diet (HFS; 60% kcal from fat) intake.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The effects of chronic delivery (7 consecutive days; IP) of liraglutide (25 and 50 µg/kg; q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg; q.d. and twice-daily (b.i.d.)) on food intake and body weight were also examined in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats.
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diet-induced obese rats, 7 days of liraglutide treatment yielded marked weight loss.

    In plain wordsIn obese rats, a week of liraglutide caused marked weight loss.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight over 7 days in DIO rats
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diet-induced obese (DIO) rats
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    25 and 50 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitoneal · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both drugs regimens yielded marked weight loss over the 7-day period.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The effects of chronic delivery (7 consecutive days; IP) of liraglutide (25 and 50 µg/kg; q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg; q.d. and twice-daily (b.i.d.)) on food intake and body weight were also examined in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats.
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diet-induced obese rats, the weight loss effect of liraglutide was achieved in the first 2 days and remained stable for the duration of the experiment.

    In plain wordsIn obese rats, liraglutide weight loss came within the first 2 days and then held steady.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTime course of liraglutide weight loss in DIO rats
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diet-induced obese (DIO) rats
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    25 and 50 µg/kg q.d. · intraperitoneal · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The weight loss effect of liraglutide was achieved in the first 2 days and remained stable for the duration of the experiment
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The effects of chronic delivery (7 consecutive days; IP) of liraglutide (25 and 50 µg/kg; q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg; q.d. and twice-daily (b.i.d.)) on food intake and body weight were also examined in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats.
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese rats, exendin‑4 reduced chow intake in a dose-dependent manner after intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration.

    In plain wordsIn rats, exendin‑4 reduced chow intake as the dose increased.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseChow intake
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg once daily · intraperitoneal or subcutaneousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Once-daily (q.d.) exendin-4 (0, 0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg) and liraglutide (0, 50, 100, and 300 µg/kg, q.d.) both reduced the chow intake in nonobese rats in a dose-dependent fashion following either intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) administration
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese chow-maintained rats, exendin‑4 did not reduce body weight at 24 hours.

    In plain wordsIn nonobese rats, exendin‑4 did not reduce body weight at 24 hours.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeBody weight at 24 hours
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg once daily · intraperitoneal or subcutaneousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    whereas only liraglutide reduced 24 and 48 h body weight in nonobese, chow-maintained rats.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Once-daily (q.d.) exendin-4 (0, 0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg) and liraglutide (0, 50, 100, and 300 µg/kg, q.d.) both reduced the chow intake in nonobese rats in a dose-dependent fashion following either intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) administration
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In nonobese chow-maintained rats, exendin‑4 did not reduce body weight at 48 hours.

    In plain wordsIn nonobese rats, exendin‑4 did not reduce body weight at 48 hours.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeBody weight at 48 hours
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Nonobese chow-maintained rats
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg once daily · intraperitoneal or subcutaneousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    whereas only liraglutide reduced 24 and 48 h body weight in nonobese, chow-maintained rats.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Once-daily (q.d.) exendin-4 (0, 0.33, 1.5, and 3.0 µg/kg) and liraglutide (0, 50, 100, and 300 µg/kg, q.d.) both reduced the chow intake in nonobese rats in a dose-dependent fashion following either intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) administration
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diet-induced obese rats, exendin‑4 and liraglutide produced comparable suppression of overall high fat/sucrose diet intake.

    In plain wordsIn obese rats, exendin‑4 suppressed high fat/sucrose diet intake to a similar extent as liraglutide.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeOverall high fat/sucrose diet intake
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diet-induced obese rats
    Comparator
    Liraglutide 50 µg/kg once daily
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3 µg/kg twice daily · intraperitoneal · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Liraglutide (50 µg/kg q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg b.i.d.) were comparable in suppressing overall high fat/sucrose diet (HFS; 60% kcal from fat) intake.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The effects of chronic delivery (7 consecutive days; IP) of liraglutide (25 and 50 µg/kg; q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg; q.d. and twice-daily (b.i.d.)) on food intake and body weight were also examined in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats.
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diet-induced obese rats, exendin‑4 produced marked weight loss over the treatment period.

    In plain wordsIn obese rats, body weight decreased during exendin‑4 treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight loss
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diet-induced obese rats
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3 µg/kg twice daily · intraperitoneal · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both drugs regimens yielded marked weight loss over the 7-day period.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The effects of chronic delivery (7 consecutive days; IP) of liraglutide (25 and 50 µg/kg; q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg; q.d. and twice-daily (b.i.d.)) on food intake and body weight were also examined in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Liraglutide (50 µg/kg q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg b.i.d.) were c…
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diet-induced obese rats, exendin‑4 weight loss appeared more linear than liraglutide weight loss over the treatment period.

    In plain wordsIn obese rats, exendin‑4 weight loss appeared more linear over time than liraglutide weight loss.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableWeight loss time course
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diet-induced obese rats
    Comparator
    Liraglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    3 µg/kg twice daily · intraperitoneal · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The weight loss effect of liraglutide was achieved in the first 2 days and remained stable for the duration of the experiment; weight loss with exendin-4 appeared more linear over the 7-day period.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The effects of chronic delivery (7 consecutive days; IP) of liraglutide (25 and 50 µg/kg; q.d.) and exendin-4 (3 µg/kg; q.d. and twice-daily (b.i.d.)) on food intake and body weight were also examined in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats.
    Summary · context
    To address the need to directly compare the food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of these two GLP-1R ligands, acute and chronic dosing experiments were performed.

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 8Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    The same notice was added 5 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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