Determination of growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) and their major metabolites in human urine for doping controls by means of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Thomas A, Höppner S, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Petrou M, Kwiatkowska D, Pokrywka A, Thevis M

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry6 Feb 2011Cited by 67 (Europe PMC)

PMID21298258DOI10.1007/s00216-011-4702-3PepBankPUB-21298258

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

01HumanOther designPharmacokinetics
In people given a single oral 10 mg dose of GHRP‑2, the known GHRP‑2 metabolite was detectable in urine for over 20 hours.
In plain wordsAfter one oral 10 mg dose of GHRP‑2, a known breakdown product showed up in urine for more than 20 hours.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
Not applicableUrinary GHRP-2 metabolite after oral dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
10 mg · oral · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
metabolite detection window
> 20 h
urine after 10 mg oral GHRP-2
Source sentences
Summary
Here, the known metabolite was detectable over 20 h after administration while the intact drug was not observed.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
excretion study urine samples obtained from a single oral administration of 10 mg of GHRP-2.
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
Report a problemFND-2129825808
02HumanOther designPharmacokinetics
In people given a single oral 10 mg dose of GHRP‑2, the intact drug was not observed in urine.
In plain wordsAfter one oral 10 mg dose of GHRP‑2, the unchanged drug was not found in urine.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
Not applicableIntact GHRP-2 in urine after oral dose
Study
n: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
10 mg · oral · single doseAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Here, the known metabolite was detectable over 20 h after administration while the intact drug was not observed.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
excretion study urine samples obtained from a single oral administration of 10 mg of GHRP-2.
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
Report a problemFND-2129825809

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

03LabNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneEx vivo tissueOther
In human urine, an LC-MS method for GHRPs including GHRP‑2 reached limits of detection of 0.2-1 ng/mL.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, a detection method found GHRP‑2 at levels as low as 0.2-1 ng/mL.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
Not applicableLimit of detection in urine
Study
humann: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
limit of detection
0.2 to 1 ng/mL
GHRP panel
Source sentences
Summary
limit of detection (0.2-1 ng/mL)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.
Report a problemFND-2129825802
04LabNot a test of Hexarelin aloneEx vivo tissueOther
In human urine, an LC-MS method for GHRPs including hexarelin reached limits of detection of 0.2-1 ng/mL.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, a detection method found hexarelin at levels as low as 0.2-1 ng/mL.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
Not applicableLimit of detection in urine
Study
humann: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
limit of detection
0.2 to 1 ng/mL
GHRP panel
Source sentences
Summary
limit of detection (0.2-1 ng/mL)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-2129825803
05LabNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneEx vivo tissueOther
In human urine, the LC-MS method for GHRPs including GHRP‑2 had a recovery of 47-95%.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, the method recovered 47-95% of the peptides, GHRP‑2 among them.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
Not applicableExtraction recovery from urine
Study
humann: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
recovery
47 to 95%
GHRP panel
Source sentences
Summary
recovery (47-95%
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.
Report a problemFND-2129825804
06LabNot a test of Hexarelin aloneEx vivo tissueOther
In human urine, the LC-MS method for GHRPs including hexarelin had a recovery of 47-95%.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, the method recovered 47-95% of the peptides, hexarelin among them.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
Not applicableExtraction recovery from urine
Study
humann: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
recovery
47 to 95%
GHRP panel
Source sentences
Summary
recovery (47-95%
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-2129825805
07LabNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneEx vivo tissueOther
In human urine, the LC-MS method for GHRPs including GHRP‑2 had a precision below 20%.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, the detection method for GHRP‑2 and other peptides had a precision below 20%.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
Not applicableAssay precision in urine
Study
humann: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
precision
< 20%
GHRP panel
Source sentences
Summary
Method validation for qualitative purpose was performed with respect to specificity, precision (<20%)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.
Report a problemFND-2129825806
08LabNot a test of Hexarelin aloneEx vivo tissueOther
In human urine, the LC-MS method for GHRPs including hexarelin had a precision below 20%.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, the detection method for hexarelin and other peptides had a precision below 20%.
Peptide
Hexarelin
Outcome
Not applicableAssay precision in urine
Study
humann: not reported in source
Urine
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
precision
< 20%
GHRP panel
Source sentences
Summary
Method validation for qualitative purpose was performed with respect to specificity, precision (<20%)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study provides data for the efficient extraction of a variety of known drug candidates (GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-4, GHRP-5, GHRP-6, alexamorelin, ipamorelin, and hexarelin) from human urine with subsequent mass spectrometric detection after liquid chromatographic separation.
In this study, Hexarelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Hexarelin.
Report a problemFND-2129825807
09LabNot a test of GHRP-6 aloneOther designOther
A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for GHRPs, GHRP‑6 included, in human urine showed recovery of 47-95% and a limit of detection of 0.2-1 ng/mL.
In plain wordsIn lab tests on human urine, a method detected GHRPs, GHRP‑6 included, at 0.2 to 1 ng/mL.
Peptide
GHRP-6
Outcome
Not applicableAnalytical validation of urine detection method
Study
humann: not reported in source
Outcome group
Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
Measurements
Recovery
47 to 95%
GHRP detection assay in urine
Limit of detection
0.2 to 1 ng/mL
GHRP detection assay in urine
Source sentences
Summary
Method validation for qualitative purpose was performed with respect to specificity, precision (<20%), intermediate precision (<20%), recovery (47-95%), limit of detection (0.2-1 ng/mL), linearity, ion suppression and stability.
In this study, GHRP-6 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-6.
Report a problemFND-2129825801

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 23 to 46Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC
The same notice was added 24 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:43 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Versions 21 to 22
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Versions 3 to 20
13 Oct 2026, 14:22 UTC
The same notice was added 18 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Determination of growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) and their major metabolites in human urine for doping controls by means of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Summary

Results from this study9

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms