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Study · Other design · 2010

5 results

Population pharmacokinetics of liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, in healthy volunteers and subjects with type 2 diabetes, and comparison to twice-daily exenatide.

Watson E, Jonker DM, Jacobsen LV, Ingwersen SH

Journal of clinical pharmacology4 Feb 2010Cited by 39 (Europe PMC)

PMID20133507 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1177/0091270009354996 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-20133507
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanOther designPharmacokinetics

    In healthy volunteers and adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide pharmacokinetics were adequately described by a 1-compartment model with sequential zero- and first-order absorption.

    In plain wordsIn healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes, a simple one-compartment model described how the body handles liraglutide.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicablePopulation PK model structure
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneous and intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Liraglutide pharmacokinetics were adequately described using a 1-compartment model with sequential zero- and first-order absorption.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pharmacokinetic data from 5 published studies of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of liraglutide to healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with T2D were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model in NONMEM.
  2. 02HumanOther designPharmacokinetics

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, once-daily liraglutide showed considerably smaller peak-to-trough fluctuations than twice-daily exenatide.

    In plain wordsOnce-daily liraglutide had much smaller peaks and troughs in blood level than twice-daily exenatide in people with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePeak-to-trough fluctuation versus exenatide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Exenatide twice daily
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneous and intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacokinetic profile of once-daily liraglutide showed considerably smaller peak-to-trough fluctuations compared with twice-daily exenatide.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pharmacokinetic data from 5 published studies of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of liraglutide to healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with T2D were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model in NONMEM.
  3. 03HumanOther designPharmacokinetics

    Liraglutide absorption parameter estimates differed slightly between healthy volunteers and adults with type 2 diabetes, but the difference was not clinically relevant.

    In plain wordsLiraglutide absorption differed only slightly between healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes, and not by a clinically relevant amount.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeAbsorption parameters, healthy volunteers versus type 2 diabetes
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Healthy volunteers
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneous and intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A small difference in the estimates of absorption parameters was found between HV and subjects with T2D but was not clinically relevant.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pharmacokinetic data from 5 published studies of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of liraglutide to healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with T2D were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model in NONMEM.
  4. 04HumanOther designPharmacokinetics

    No clinically relevant differences in liraglutide pharmacokinetics were found between healthy volunteers and adults with type 2 diabetes.

    In plain wordsLiraglutide pharmacokinetics did not differ in a clinically relevant way between healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeOverall PK differences, healthy volunteers versus type 2 diabetes
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Healthy volunteers
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneous and intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, no clinically relevant differences were found in liraglutide pharmacokinetics between HV and subjects with T2D.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pharmacokinetic data from 5 published studies of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of liraglutide to healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with T2D were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model in NONMEM.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 05HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneOther designPharmacokinetics

    Modelled twice-daily exenatide profiles showed larger peak-to-trough fluctuations than once-daily liraglutide profiles.

    In plain wordsComputer models showed larger concentration fluctuations with twice-daily exenatide than with once-daily liraglutide.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePeak-to-trough concentration fluctuations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Population pharmacokinetic modelling
    Comparator
    Once-daily liraglutide
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The pharmacokinetic profile of once-daily liraglutide showed considerably smaller peak-to-trough fluctuations compared with twice-daily exenatide.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Pharmacokinetic data from 5 published studies of subcutaneous and intravenous administration of liraglutide to healthy volunteers (HV) and subjects with T2D were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model in NONMEM. Exenatide data came from a published study in T2D.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 8Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    The same notice was added 5 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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