Peptides / Gut and digestion

Synthetic analog · 39 amino acids · 4,316 Da

Glepaglutide

Not approvedBanned in sport

Glepaglutide is an experimental long-acting GLP-2 analog for short bowel syndrome that has an EU positive opinion but no US or EU approval, and it is banned in sport. Studies in people tested it on nutrient absorption and liver function, and tracked side effects. PepBank shows 71 results on glepaglutide from 10 studies in people, and 15 from animal and lab studies. The strongest evidence is a randomized trial in people. Data as of 2026-10-30.

Also known as ZP-1848, ZP1848, Zeydovio

39 amino acids, from first to last1 changed amino acid

Evidence level: Some studies in people71 of 86 results come from studies in people.

Results in people

83% of 86 results

Results in animals

17% of 86 results

Results in lab cells

0% of 86 results

From computer models

0% of 86 results

Overview

Glepaglutide at a glance

What it is	Synthetic analog, 39 amino acids
Approval	Not approved for any use
In sport	Banned in sport (WADA S0)
Studies	13 studies with results. All of them gave glepaglutide, with 86 results. 71 in people15 in animals
Best study in people	Randomized controlled trial with 18 people (2019)
Clinical trials	11 registered: 2 active or planned, 2 with posted results

The science

What is glepaglutide?

A long-acting GLP-2 analog studied for short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.

Amino acids in one chain

The history of glepaglutide

2009January
A registered trial of glepaglutide started (NCT00868660).
2019
The oldest paper on glepaglutide in PepBank is from 2019.

Glepaglutide structure and chemistry

The key facts about the molecule. Long codes are in the closed section below.

Sequence, 39 amino acidsFrom the first amino acid to the last

H1G−EGT5FSS−EL10ATIL−D15ALAA+R20−DFIAW25LIAT+K30IT−D+K+K35+K+K+K+K

Darker means more water-repelling+ and − show charge in the bodyOutlined: changed amino acid

Structure

Glepaglutide is a synthetic analog of 39 amino acids, with no ring, 1 changed amino acid.

Formula

C₁₉₇H₃₂₅N₅₃O₅₅

Molecular weight

4,316 g/mol

CAS number

914009-86-2

Targets

GLP2R (gene GLP2R): agonistEvidence: Primary receptor pharmacology and KEGG target annotation.GLP1R (gene GLP1R): agonistEvidence: The primary study identifies glepaglutide as a GLP2R/GLP1R dual agonist.

Development

Zealand Pharma. Highest phase: phase 3.

Identifiers

PubChem 146170995, ChEMBL CHEMBL4297761, UNII 4M3C1913N6, DrugBank DB14794, KEGG D11337, IUPHAR 10885

Full sequence, SMILES and InChIKey

Three-letter sequence
His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Ser-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ala-Thr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Asp-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Thr-Lys-Ile-Thr-Asp-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys

InChIKey
DOAUQKRTILFGHV-PDCMDPCFSA-N

SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CNC=N5)N

See charge, composition and 3D structure on the Scientific page

The evidence

What glepaglutide studies show

Results grouped by what the studies measured. Each card shows where its results come from.

Some studies in people71 of 86 results come from studies in people.

Stomach and gut

34 results · 20 in people · 14 animal

In adults with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide reduced faecal output from baseline. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019

Top results

In adults with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide reduced faecal output from baseline. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide increased time to 10% gastric emptying of solids from baseline. (JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2020)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, intestinal bacterial amounts showed no major changes after glepaglutide treatment. (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2026)

Liver

12 results · 12 in people

In patients with short bowel syndrome, transient elastography values increased from baseline during glepaglutide treatment. EBioMedicine, 2019

Top results

In patients with short bowel syndrome, transient elastography values increased from baseline during glepaglutide treatment. (EBioMedicine, 2019)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide increased postprandial FGF19 response from baseline. (JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2022)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, indocyanine green elimination increased from baseline during glepaglutide treatment. (EBioMedicine, 2019)

Survival and serious illness

7 results · 7 in people

In SBS-CIF patients without sodium depletion, glepaglutide reduced parenteral support more than placebo. Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2026

Top results

In SBS-CIF patients without sodium depletion, glepaglutide reduced parenteral support more than placebo. (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2026)
In adults with short bowel syndrome receiving glepaglutide, no patients died during the trial. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, parenteral support volume decreased from baseline with glepaglutide. (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025)

Weight and appetite

3 results · 3 in people

In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related decreased appetite occurred in 22% of patients receiving glepaglutide. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019

Top results

In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related decreased appetite occurred in 22% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, body composition remained stable during glepaglutide treatment. (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, body weight remained stable during glepaglutide treatment. (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025)

Daily life and fitness

2 results · 2 in people

In patients with SBS-IF, 73% receiving glepaglutide reported better quality of life versus 25% receiving placebo. Nutrition in clinical practice, 2026

Top results

In patients with SBS-IF, 73% receiving glepaglutide reported better quality of life versus 25% receiving placebo. (Nutrition in clinical practice, 2026)
Among patients reporting a status change, 94% receiving glepaglutide found it meaningful versus 67% receiving placebo. (Nutrition in clinical practice, 2026)

Heart and blood vessels

1 result · 1 in people

In patients with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide did not significantly change intestinal perfusion from baseline. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2023

Top results

In patients with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide did not significantly change intestinal perfusion from baseline. (JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2023)

All 13 glepaglutide studies by area Open the Scientific page

Key glepaglutide studies

Studies in people come first, then studies in animals and in the lab.

People
Glepaglutide, a novel long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue, for patients with short bowel syndrome: a randomised phase 2 trial
Naimi et al. 2019 · The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 18 people · cited by 60
22 results
People
Effects of glepaglutide, a novel long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue, on markers of liver status in patients with short bowel syndrome: findings from a randomised phase 2 trial
Naimi et al. 2019 · EBioMedicine · 18 people · cited by 25
9 results
People
Sodium depletion is associated with the response to glepaglutide in short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure
Foerster et al. 2026 · Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 79 people · cited by 0
4 results
People
Exploring the disease burden and quality of life in patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure: Insights from exit interviews in the glepaglutide EASE SBS-1 phase 3 trial
Mercer et al. 2026 · Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 30 people · cited by 0
2 results
People
Pharmacokinetics of Glepaglutide, A Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Analogue: A Study in Healthy Subjects
Agersnap et al. 2022 · Clinical drug investigation · 15 people · cited by 12
7 results

All 13 Glepaglutide studies

Glepaglutide clinical trials

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 11 trials of glepaglutide. 2 are active or planned, and 2 have posted results. PepBank does not show trial results.

Solid bars are dates that happened. Hatched bars are planned dates. Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Efficacy And Safety Evaluation of Glepaglutide in Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)

Phase 3completed106 people

The Long-term Effect on Intestinal Absorption and Safety of Treatment With Glepaglutide in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome

Phase 3completed12 people

Evaluation of Long Term Safety and Efficacy of Glepaglutide in Treatment of SBS

Phase 3completed150 people

All 4 Glepaglutide trials

Status and safety

Is glepaglutide approved?

FDA

United States

Not approved

No approved medicine contains it.

EMA

European Union

Investigational

Investigational.

WADA

Sport

Banned

On the 2026 Prohibited List, section S0.

No. Not approved for any use. Its most advanced trial is in phase 3. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 27 Oct 2026). Banned in sport (WADA S0).

Laws and labels change, so check the regulator for the current status.

Glepaglutide side effects and safety

PepBank has 21 safety results from studies of glepaglutide. 21 of them come from studies in people.

Safety results from studies (21)

In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related stoma complications occurred in 72% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In healthy subjects, the study identified no safety issues during glepaglutide treatment. (Clinical drug investigation, 2022)
In patients with short bowel syndrome, glepaglutide showed a manageable safety profile. (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related injection site reactions occurred in 61% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related peripheral oedema occurred in 56% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related nausea occurred in 44% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related abdominal pain occurred in 44% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related polyuria occurred in 33% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related fatigue occurred in 33% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related abdominal distention occurred in 28% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related vomiting occurred in 28% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related dizziness occurred in 28% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related cough occurred in 22% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, treatment-related decreased appetite occurred in 22% of patients receiving glepaglutide. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome receiving glepaglutide, no patients died during the trial. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, two patients receiving 0·1 mg glepaglutide experienced related or possibly related serious adverse events. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome, two patients receiving 10 mg glepaglutide experienced related or possibly related serious adverse events. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome receiving glepaglutide, related or possibly related serious adverse events included abdominal pain. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome receiving glepaglutide, related or possibly related serious adverse events included stoma obstruction. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome receiving glepaglutide, related or possibly related serious adverse events included catheter-related sepsis. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)
In adults with short bowel syndrome receiving glepaglutide, related or possibly related serious adverse events included infection of unknown origin. (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2019)

See every safety result on the Scientific page

Doses studied (19 shown)

The doses that these studies used. They are not recommendations.

Dose as reported	Class	Species	Route	Duration	Design	Source
1 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2019
10 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2019
0·1 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2019
10 mg	Human	human	Not reported	three weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2019
1 mg	Human	human	Not reported	three weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2019
10 mg once or twice weekly	Human	human	Not reported	24 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 79	Foerster 2026
5 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	6 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 15	Agersnap 2022
10 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	6 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 15	Agersnap 2022
10 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people · n = 9	Hvistendahl 2020
0.1, 1, and 10 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Hvistendahl 2020
1 mg	Human	human	Not reported	three weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2023
10 mg	Human	human	Not reported	three weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2023
1 and 10 mg	Human	human	Not reported	three weeks	Randomized trial in people	Naimi 2023
10 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Hvistendahl 2022
0.1, 1, and 10 mg daily	Human	human	subcutaneous	3 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Hvistendahl 2022
5 or 10 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	6 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Agersnap 2022
5 and 10 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	6 weeks	Randomized trial in people	Agersnap 2022
10 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	24 weeks	Trial in people without random groups · n = 10	Pinar 2025
10 mg once weekly	Human	human	subcutaneous	24 weeks	Trial in people without random groups · n = 10	Pinar 2026

Questions and more

Ask a question about glepaglutide

The answer links to every study it uses.

What does the evidence say about glepaglutide?Is glepaglutide tested in people?Compare with Teduglutide Compare with Apraglutide

Sources

Database: PepBank data for glepaglutide (data version 308560)
Regulator: FDA status record
Regulator: EMA status record
Regulator: WADA status record
Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

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Glepaglutide

Not approvedBanned in sport

Also known as ZP-1848, ZP1848, Zeydovio

What it is

Synthetic analog, 39 amino acids

Approval

Not approved for any use

In sport

Banned in sport (WADA S0)

Studies

13 studies with results. All of them gave glepaglutide, with 86 results.
71 in people15 in animals

Best study in people

Randomized controlled trial with 18 people (2019)

Clinical trials

11 registered: 2 active or planned, 2 with posted results

Dose as reported

Class

Species

Route

Duration

Design

Source

1 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2019

10 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2019

0·1 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2019

10 mg

Human

human

Not reported

three weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2019

1 mg

Human

human

Not reported

three weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2019

10 mg once or twice weekly

Human

human

Not reported

24 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 79

Foerster 2026

5 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

6 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 15

Agersnap 2022

10 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

6 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 15

Agersnap 2022

10 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people · n = 9

Hvistendahl 2020

0.1, 1, and 10 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Hvistendahl 2020

1 mg

Human

human

Not reported

three weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2023

10 mg

Human

human

Not reported

three weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2023

1 and 10 mg

Human

human

Not reported

three weeks

Randomized trial in people

Naimi 2023

10 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Hvistendahl 2022

0.1, 1, and 10 mg daily

Human

human

subcutaneous

3 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Hvistendahl 2022

5 or 10 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

6 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Agersnap 2022

5 and 10 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

6 weeks

Randomized trial in people

Agersnap 2022

10 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

24 weeks

Trial in people without random groups · n = 10

Pinar 2025

10 mg once weekly

Human

human

subcutaneous

24 weeks

Trial in people without random groups · n = 10

Pinar 2026

Glepaglutide

Glepaglutide at a glance

What is glepaglutide?

The history of glepaglutide

Glepaglutide structure and chemistry

What glepaglutide studies show

Stomach and gut

Liver

Survival and serious illness

Weight and appetite

Daily life and fitness

Heart and blood vessels

Key glepaglutide studies

Glepaglutide clinical trials

Is glepaglutide approved?

Glepaglutide side effects and safety

Ask a question about glepaglutide

Related peptides

Sources

Glepaglutide

Glepaglutide at a glance

What is glepaglutide?

The history of glepaglutide

Glepaglutide structure and chemistry

What glepaglutide studies show

Stomach and gut

Liver

Survival and serious illness

Weight and appetite

Daily life and fitness

Heart and blood vessels

Key glepaglutide studies

Glepaglutide clinical trials

Is glepaglutide approved?

Glepaglutide side effects and safety

Ask a question about glepaglutide

Related peptides

Sources