In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 records · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Small molecule | Small molecule | |
| Area | Longevity and mitochondria | Longevity and mitochondria | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 222 | 1,513 (plus 2 on natural levels, listed separately) | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 48 (43 in people) | 64 (35 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 143 · 22 active200 more mention it but do not test it | 19 · 8 active14 more mention it but do not test it | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | Methylene blue | NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) |
|---|---|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismPharmacology | 1111 | 213813565 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
The EMA label for Methylthioninium chloride Proveblue says: “Acute symptomatic treatment of medicinal and chemical products-induced methaemoglobinaemia, in adults, children and adolescents (0 to 17 years)”
Its most advanced trial is in phase 2. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 21 Oct 2026).
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 29254 | 4328132 |
|---|
| Heart functionCardiovascular | 3535 | 561523 |
|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacology | 17134 | 32248 |
|---|
| NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition | 55 | 1028715 |
|---|
| Blood pressureCardiovascular | 2626 | 11 |
|---|
| Kidney functionKidney and urinary | 33 | 454365 |
|---|
| Vascular functionWhole body | 1212 | 15195 |
|---|
| MortalityWhole body | 1212 | 1717 |
|---|
| Immune responseImmune and inflammation | 11 | 4413661 |
|---|
| Cognition and memoryNervous system and cognition | 77 | 17161 |
|---|
| Intensive care and hospital outcomesWhole body | 99 | 211 |
|---|
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | Methylene blue | NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) |
|---|---|---|
| PharmacokineticsPharmacologyCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | −35% Desethylchloroquine AUC(0-24 h)/BW reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a desethylchloroquine auc(0-24 h)/bw reduction of this size. Dose studied: 130 mg twice daily3 daysn = 242004 | No comparable result 19 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. |
| Intensive care and hospital outcomesWhole bodyCompared as: difference from placebo, in % | −≤ 87% Reduction in norepinephrine requirement · Shown as a change. The study reports a reduction in norepinephrine requirement of this size. Dose studied: 2 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg/hr infusionsn = 202001 | |
| MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | 0% Morbidity and mortality Control (placebo), 6 of 28 patients: 21.4% Dose studied: 1.5 mg/Kgn = 562004 | No randomized trial result 17 results from other study designs. |
−35%
Desethylchloroquine AUC(0-24 h)/BW reduction · Shown as a change. The study reports a desethylchloroquine auc(0-24 h)/bw reduction of this size.
Dose studied: 130 mg twice daily3 daysn = 242004
No comparable result
19 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit. |
−≤ 87%
Reduction in norepinephrine requirement · Shown as a change. The study reports a reduction in norepinephrine requirement of this size.
Dose studied: 2 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg/hr infusionsn = 202001
No comparable result
1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.
0%
Morbidity and mortality
Control (placebo), 6 of 28 patients: 21.4%
Dose studied: 1.5 mg/Kgn = 562004
No randomized trial result
17 results from other study designs.
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
Top 3 of 143 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 2 completed · 1 stopped early · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Cosmo Technologies Ltd1,249 participantsSept 2013 to Oct 2016
Colorectal Cancer
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston56 participants14 Feb 2020 to 6 Dec 2022
DENT IMPLANTS · LASER
Thomas Jefferson University50 participantsJul 2011 to Oct 2012
Secretion Removal Above ETT Cuff
200 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
Top 3 of 19 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 1 ongoing · 1 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University20 participants1 Jun 2021 to est. 31 Jul 2022
Hypertension
Christopher Kai Shun Leung138 participants19 May 2025 to est. 31 Dec 2026
Glaucoma
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University22 participants1 May 2024 to 6 Apr 2025
Binge Drinking · Liver Injury · Nutritional Supplementation · Hepatic Steatosis
14 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.