Compare peptides

Compare two to four peptides side by side. Counts are exact.

Glutathione
Elamipretide (SS-31)

Best randomized result by outcome

For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.

No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.

Outcomes with a randomized result for one peptide only (8 outcomes)

The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.

Outcomes with a randomized result for one peptide only: Glutathione, Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome	Glutathione	Elamipretide (SS-31)
Exercise and physical functionMusculoskeletalCompared as: difference from placebo, in m	No comparable result 13 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.	−3.2 m 6MWT least squares mean difference Dose studied: 40 mg/d24 weeksn = 2182023
MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in months	13.5 months Overall survival Control group: 10.5 months Dose studied: 5 gn = 202000
Kidney functionKidney and urinaryCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in %	No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.	−6% Change in fractional hypoxia Placebo: 47% Dose studied: 0.05 mg/kg per hourbefore and during PTRAn = 142017
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognitionCompared as: difference from placebo, in p value	0.21 p value P value for CIPN20 sensory neurotoxicity Dose studied: 1.5 g/m(2)n = 1852014	No randomized trial result 178 results from other study designs.
Tumor growthCancerCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in %	26.9% Response rate Placebo: 23.1% Dose studied: 1,500 mg/m(2) before oxaliplatinn = 522002	No randomized trial result
Vascular functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in ml per 100 ml/min	2 mL per 100 mL/min Macrocirculatory flow reported +/- uncertainty (type unspecified) 5 daysn = 202002
PainNervous system and cognitionCompared as: difference from placebo, in p value	0.3 p value P value for acute pain syndrome with paclitaxel every 3-4 weeks Dose studied: 1.5 g/m(2)n not reported2014	No randomized trial result 5 results from other study designs.
Adverse eventsEyeCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in %	No comparable result 27 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.	86% Adverse event rate Placebo: 71% Dose studied: 40 mg daily48 weeksn = 1762025

Exercise and physical functionMusculoskeletalCompared as: difference from placebo, in m
- Glutathione
  No comparable result
  13 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
- Elamipretide (SS-31)
  −3.2 m
  6MWT least squares mean difference
  Dose studied: 40 mg/d24 weeksn = 2182023
MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in months
- Glutathione

Comparison of Glutathione, Elamipretide (SS-31)
Peptide	Natural peptide Glutathione	Synthetic analog Elamipretide (SS-31)
Identity
Kind	Natural peptide	Synthetic analog
Area	Longevity and mitochondria	Longevity and mitochondria
Evidence
Amount of evidence	274 (plus 3 on natural levels, listed separately)	1,784
Evidence level	Has results from studies in people	Has results from studies in people
Safety
Safety results	34 (34 in people)	35 (29 in people)
Status
Approval
Sport (WADA)
Registered trials	72 · 14 active191 more mention it but do not test it	30 · 3 active

Peptide

Natural peptide

Glutathione

Synthetic analog

Elamipretide (SS-31)

Identity

Kind

Natural peptide

Synthetic analog

Area

Longevity and mitochondria

Evidence

Amount of evidence

274 (plus 3 on natural levels, listed separately)

1,784

Evidence level

Has results from studies in people

Safety

Safety results

34 (34 in people)

35 (29 in people)

Status

Approval

Sport (WADA)

Registered trials

72 · 14 active191 more mention it but do not test it

30 · 3 active

Amount of evidence by outcome

Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.

Study results per shared outcome group and evidence class
Outcome group	Glutathione	Elamipretide (SS-31)
Mitochondrial functionMusculoskeletal	312	4795258

Trials side by side

Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.

Glutathione72 registered trials

Top 3 of 72 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 2 completed · 1 stopped early · 2 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02311907

Glutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology195 participantsDec 2009 to Aug 2012

Chemotherapeutic Agent Toxicity · Neuropathy · Neurotoxicity Syndrome · Pain · Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer · Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer · Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer · Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer · Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer · Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer · Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer · Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer · Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer · Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer · Stage IV Ovarian Cancer · Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

TerminatedPhase 4Results postedNCT05954052

A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

University of Chicago6 participants1 Jul 2019 to 15 Aug 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

CompletedPhase 3NCT02584283

Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of DCD Liver Grafts in Preventing Biliary Complications After Transplantation

Robert J. Porte157 participantsJan 2016 to Jan 2020

Liver Failure · End Stage Liver Disease · Biliary Tract Diseases

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

191 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.

Elamipretide (SS-31)30 registered trials

Top 3 of 30 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 1 ongoing · 1 completed · 1 stopped early · 2 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

TerminatedPhase 3Results postedNCT03323749

A Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Elamipretide Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Followed by Open-Label Extension

Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc.218 participants9 Oct 2017 to 10 Feb 2020

Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

CompletedPhase 2/3Results postedNCT03098797

A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in Subjects With Barth Syndrome

Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc.12 participants5 Jul 2017 to 11 Oct 2021

Barth Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06373731

ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)

Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc.313 participants30 May 2024 to est. Sept 2027

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

Best randomized result by outcome

NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognition	1414	17814335

Adverse eventsWhole body	3131	292621

Oxidative stressWhole body	28271	914645

Inflammation markersRespiratory	66	17312548

Exercise and physical functionWhole body	1515	6220357

PharmacokineticsWhole body	3939	8233

Kidney functionKidney and urinary	11	130611410

Receptor activity and mechanismRespiratory	541	883850

Immune responseWhole body	2424	88

Glycemic controlMetabolic and weight	1919	11101

Sex hormones and fertilityReproductive and sexual health	66	37928

No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.

Outcomes with a randomized result for one peptide only (8 outcomes)

The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.

Outcomes with a randomized result for one peptide only: Glutathione, Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome	Glutathione	Elamipretide (SS-31)
Exercise and physical functionMusculoskeletalCompared as: difference from placebo, in m	No comparable result 13 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.	−3.2 m 6MWT least squares mean difference Dose studied: 40 mg/d24 weeksn = 2182023
MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in months	13.5 months Overall survival Control group: 10.5 months Dose studied: 5 gn = 202000
Kidney functionKidney and urinaryCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in %	No comparable result 1 randomized-trial result measure it in another way or another unit.	−6% Change in fractional hypoxia Placebo: 47% Dose studied: 0.05 mg/kg per hourbefore and during PTRAn = 142017
NeuroprotectionNervous system and cognitionCompared as: difference from placebo, in p value	0.21 p value P value for CIPN20 sensory neurotoxicity Dose studied: 1.5 g/m(2)n = 1852014	No randomized trial result 178 results from other study designs.
Tumor growthCancerCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in %	26.9% Response rate Placebo: 23.1% Dose studied: 1,500 mg/m(2) before oxaliplatinn = 522002	No randomized trial result
Vascular functionCardiovascularCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in ml per 100 ml/min	2 mL per 100 mL/min Macrocirculatory flow reported +/- uncertainty (type unspecified) 5 daysn = 202002
PainNervous system and cognitionCompared as: difference from placebo, in p value	0.3 p value P value for acute pain syndrome with paclitaxel every 3-4 weeks Dose studied: 1.5 g/m(2)n not reported2014	No randomized trial result 5 results from other study designs.
Adverse eventsEyeCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in %	No comparable result 27 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.	86% Adverse event rate Placebo: 71% Dose studied: 40 mg daily48 weeksn = 1762025

Exercise and physical functionMusculoskeletalCompared as: difference from placebo, in m
- Glutathione
  No comparable result
  13 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
- Elamipretide (SS-31)
  −3.2 m
  6MWT least squares mean difference
  Dose studied: 40 mg/d24 weeksn = 2182023
MortalityWhole bodyCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in months
- Glutathione

Trials side by side

Glutathione72 registered trials

Top 3 of 72 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 2 completed · 1 stopped early · 2 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT02311907

Glutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology195 participantsDec 2009 to Aug 2012

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

TerminatedPhase 4Results postedNCT05954052

A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

University of Chicago6 participants1 Jul 2019 to 15 Aug 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

CompletedPhase 3NCT02584283

Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of DCD Liver Grafts in Preventing Biliary Complications After Transplantation

Robert J. Porte157 participantsJan 2016 to Jan 2020

Liver Failure · End Stage Liver Disease · Biliary Tract Diseases

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

191 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.

Elamipretide (SS-31)30 registered trials

Top 3 of 30 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 1 ongoing · 1 completed · 1 stopped early · 2 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

TerminatedPhase 3Results postedNCT03323749

A Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Elamipretide Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Followed by Open-Label Extension

Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc.218 participants9 Oct 2017 to 10 Feb 2020

Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

CompletedPhase 2/3Results postedNCT03098797

A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in Subjects With Barth Syndrome

Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc.12 participants5 Jul 2017 to 11 Oct 2021

Barth Syndrome

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

Active, not recruitingPhase 3NCT06373731

ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)

Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc.313 participants30 May 2024 to est. Sept 2027

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.gov

Best randomized result by outcome

Approval and sport status

Amount of evidence by outcome

Trials side by side

Glutathione72 registered trials

Glutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of DCD Liver Grafts in Preventing Biliary Complications After Transplantation

Elamipretide (SS-31)30 registered trials

A Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Elamipretide Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Followed by Open-Label Extension

A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in Subjects With Barth Syndrome

ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)

Best randomized result by outcome

Trials side by side

Glutathione72 registered trials

Glutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dual Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of DCD Liver Grafts in Preventing Biliary Complications After Transplantation

Elamipretide (SS-31)30 registered trials

A Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Elamipretide Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy Followed by Open-Label Extension

A Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide in Subjects With Barth Syndrome

ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)