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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2022

12 results

Poster 100: Evaluation of SS-31 as a Potential Therapeutic in the Treatment of Tendinopathy

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Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine1 Jul 2022

PMCIDPMC9339866 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-91806127
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with supraspinatus tendinopathy, SS‑31 treatment increased the failure force of the tendon.

    In plain wordsIn mice with tendon injury, SS‑31 treatment raised the force the tendon could take before failing.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseFailure force
    Study

    mousen = 16

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy induced by subacromial clip impingement
    Comparator
    Impingement without SS-31
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg/d · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The failure force gradually increased at 4 weeks after clip removal, after SS-31 treatment and when SS-31 treatment was combined with clip removal.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The mice were divided into five groups (16/group): I: 4 weeks of impingement; II: 8 weeks of impingement; III: 8 weeks of impingement with 4 weeks SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d); IV: 4 weeks of impingement, clip removal, then harvested 4 weeks later; V: 4 weeks SS-31 treatment after clip removal at 4 weeks impingement.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with supraspinatus tendinopathy, tendon stiffness showed results similar to failure force, rising after SS‑31 treatment.

    In plain wordsIn mice with tendon injury, tendon stiffness changed in a similar way to failure force after SS‑31.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTendon stiffness
    Study

    mousen = 16

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy induced by subacromial clip impingement
    Comparator
    Impingement without SS-31
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg/d · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The failure force gradually increased at 4 weeks after clip removal, after SS-31 treatment and when SS-31 treatment was combined with clip removal. The stiffness showed similar results.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The mice were divided into five groups (16/group): I: 4 weeks of impingement; II: 8 weeks of impingement; III: 8 weeks of impingement with 4 weeks SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d); IV: 4 weeks of impingement, clip removal, then harvested 4 weeks later; V: 4 weeks SS-31 treatment after clip removal at 4 weeks impingement.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with supraspinatus tendinopathy, SOD activity increased significantly with SS‑31 treatment.

    In plain wordsIn mice with tendon injury, SS‑31 treatment raised activity of an antioxidant enzyme (SOD).

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSuperoxide dismutase activity
    Study

    mousen = 16

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy induced by subacromial clip impingement
    Comparator
    Impingement without SS-31
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg/d · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SOD activity (Fig 5) decreased after 4 and 8 weeks clip impingement compared to the control group and increased significantly following clip removal, with SS-31 treatment, and especially in the combined treatment group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The mice were divided into five groups (16/group): I: 4 weeks of impingement; II: 8 weeks of impingement; III: 8 weeks of impingement with 4 weeks SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d); IV: 4 weeks of impingement, clip removal, then harvested 4 weeks later; V: 4 weeks SS-31 treatment after clip removal at 4 weeks impingement.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In tenocytes from degenerative human supraspinatus tendons, SS‑31 upregulated SOD activity.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown human tendon cells from damaged tendons, SS‑31 raised activity of an antioxidant enzyme.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD activity in degenerative tenocytes
    Study

    humann = 9

    Tenocytes from degenerative supraspinatus tendons
    Comparator
    Untreated degenerative tenocytes
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    1 µM · 72 hoursAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SOD activity was upregulated in degenerative tenocytes after SS-31 treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In-vitro: tenocytes were isolated from tendon biopsies (Fig 6 and 7) and were then assigned to 4 groups (9/group): (1) healthy (n=9): tenocytes from non-injured tendons obtained from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction; (2) healthy with treatment: healthy tenocytes treated with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In healthy human tenocytes, SS‑31 caused no obvious change in mitochondrial morphology and cristae organization.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown healthy human tendon cells, SS‑31 caused no obvious change in mitochondria structure.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    No significant changeMitochondrial morphology in healthy tenocytes
    Study

    humann = 9

    Tenocytes from non-injured tendons
    Comparator
    Untreated healthy tenocytes
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    1 µM · 72 hoursAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    TEM (Fig 9) images revealed no obvious change in mitochondria morphology and cristae organization after SS-31 treatment in healthy tenocytes.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In-vitro: tenocytes were isolated from tendon biopsies (Fig 6 and 7) and were then assigned to 4 groups (9/group): (1) healthy (n=9): tenocytes from non-injured tendons obtained from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction; (2) healthy with treatment: healthy tenocytes treated with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In degenerative human tenocytes, SS‑31 produced more organized cristae.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown human tendon cells from damaged tendons, SS‑31 gave more organized mitochondria structure.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCristae organization in degenerative tenocytes
    Study

    humann = 9

    Tenocytes from degenerative supraspinatus tendons
    Comparator
    Untreated degenerative tenocytes
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    1 µM · 72 hoursAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were more organized cristae after SS-31 treatment in degenerative tenocytes, with some degree of recovery after SS-31 treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In-vitro: tenocytes were isolated from tendon biopsies (Fig 6 and 7) and were then assigned to 4 groups (9/group): (1) healthy (n=9): tenocytes from non-injured tendons obtained from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction; (2) healthy with treatment: healthy tenocytes treated with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In degenerative human tenocytes, SS‑31 increased the number of mitochondria, but not to the level of normal tenocytes.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown human tendon cells from damaged tendons, SS‑31 raised mitochondria number but not to normal levels.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMitochondria number per degenerative tenocyte
    Study

    humann = 9

    Tenocytes from degenerative supraspinatus tendons
    Comparator
    Untreated degenerative tenocytes
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    1 µM · 72 hoursAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After the treatment, the number of mitochondria increased but did not reach the level seen in normal tenocytes.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In-vitro: tenocytes were isolated from tendon biopsies (Fig 6 and 7) and were then assigned to 4 groups (9/group): (1) healthy (n=9): tenocytes from non-injured tendons obtained from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction; (2) healthy with treatment: healthy tenocytes treated with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In degenerative human tenocytes, the fraction of cells with depolarized mitochondria decreased after SS‑31 treatment for 72 hours.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown human tendon cells from damaged tendons, SS‑31 reduced the share of cells with faulty mitochondria.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFraction of cells with depolarized mitochondria
    Study

    humann = 9

    Tenocytes from degenerative supraspinatus tendons
    Comparator
    Untreated degenerative tenocytes
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    1 µM · 72 hoursAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The fraction of cells with depolarized mitochondria (Fig 10) was increased in the degenerative group compared to healthy tenocytes, with a decrease following SS-31 peptide treatment for 72 hours.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In-vitro: tenocytes were isolated from tendon biopsies (Fig 6 and 7) and were then assigned to 4 groups (9/group): (1) healthy (n=9): tenocytes from non-injured tendons obtained from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction; (2) healthy with treatment: healthy tenocytes treated with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours
  9. 09LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In degenerative human tenocytes, cell viability increased with SS‑31 treatment from 33.33% to 50.44%.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown human tendon cells from damaged tendons, SS‑31 increased the share of living cells.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCell viability of degenerative tenocytes
    Study

    humann = 9

    Tenocytes from degenerative supraspinatus tendons
    Comparator
    Untreated degenerative tenocytes
    Outcome group
    Cell viability and death · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    1 µM · 72 hoursAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Cell viability
    33.33%
    degenerative tenocytes, untreated
    Cell viability
    50.44%
    degenerative tenocytes, SS-31

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cell viability (Fig 11) of the degenerative tenocytes was decreased (33.33 ± 5.03%) compared to the healthy tenocytes, with an increase to 50.44 ± 13.03% following treatment with SS-31.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In-vitro: tenocytes were isolated from tendon biopsies (Fig 6 and 7) and were then assigned to 4 groups (9/group): (1) healthy (n=9): tenocytes from non-injured tendons obtained from patients undergoing ACL reconstruction; (2) healthy with treatment: healthy tenocytes treated with 1μM SS-31 treatment for 72 hours

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

  1. 10AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with supraspinatus tendinopathy, the modified Bonar score improved gradually at 4 weeks after treatment (SS‑31, clip removal or both), especially in the combined group.

    In plain wordsIn mice with tendon injury, the tendon damage score improved after treatment with SS‑31, clip removal or both, most in the combined group.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseModified Bonar score
    Study

    mousen = 16

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy induced by subacromial clip impingement
    Comparator
    Impingement without treatment
    Outcome group
    Tendon and ligament healing · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    the tendon morphology tended to recover with a gradual improvement in Bonar score at 4 weeks following treatment, especially in the combined group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The mice were divided into five groups (16/group): I: 4 weeks of impingement; II: 8 weeks of impingement; III: 8 weeks of impingement with 4 weeks SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d); IV: 4 weeks of impingement, clip removal, then harvested 4 weeks later; V: 4 weeks SS-31 treatment after clip removal at 4 weeks impingement.

    In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

  2. 11AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with supraspinatus tendinopathy, treatment with SS‑31 and/or clip removal normalized the number of mitochondria.

    In plain wordsIn mice with tendon injury, treatment with SS‑31 and/or clip removal brought mitochondria number back toward normal.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMitochondrial number
    Study

    mousen = 16

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy induced by subacromial clip impingement
    Comparator
    Impingement without treatment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    TEM images (Fig 4) demonstrated a decreased mitochondrial number with altered cristae organization and crista density in the impingement groups. With SS-31 and/or clip removal treatment, the structure and number of mitochondria normalized with improvement in cristae morphology.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The mice were divided into five groups (16/group): I: 4 weeks of impingement; II: 8 weeks of impingement; III: 8 weeks of impingement with 4 weeks SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d); IV: 4 weeks of impingement, clip removal, then harvested 4 weeks later; V: 4 weeks SS-31 treatment after clip removal at 4 weeks impingement.

    In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

  3. 12AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with supraspinatus tendinopathy, treatment with SS‑31 and/or clip removal improved cristae morphology.

    In plain wordsIn mice with tendon injury, treatment with SS‑31 and/or clip removal improved the inner structure of mitochondria.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedMitochondrial cristae morphology
    Study

    mousen = 16

    Supraspinatus tendinopathy induced by subacromial clip impingement
    Comparator
    Impingement without treatment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    TEM images (Fig 4) demonstrated a decreased mitochondrial number with altered cristae organization and crista density in the impingement groups. With SS-31 and/or clip removal treatment, the structure and number of mitochondria normalized with improvement in cristae morphology.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The mice were divided into five groups (16/group): I: 4 weeks of impingement; II: 8 weeks of impingement; III: 8 weeks of impingement with 4 weeks SS-31 treatment (5 mg/kg/d); IV: 4 weeks of impingement, clip removal, then harvested 4 weeks later; V: 4 weeks SS-31 treatment after clip removal at 4 weeks impingement.

    In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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