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Study · Randomized controlled trial · 2026

8 results

Effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on markers of endothelial function in persons with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Gullaksen S, Vernstrøm L, Sørensen SS, Funck KL, Poulsen PL, Laugesen E

Journal of diabetes and its complications29 Aug 2026

PMID42679726 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2026.109397 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42679726
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, RHI increased from baseline in the semaglutide group.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide raised a blood vessel function score compared with the start of the trial.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseReactive hyperaemic index (RHI) versus baseline
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Baseline
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 32 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    RHI change from baseline
    0.11
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    RHI increased compared to baseline (0.11, 95%CI [0.008;0.21], p = 0.03) but not compared to placebo in the semaglutide group (0.11, 95%CI [-0.04;0.24], p = 0.16).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, the RHI increase with semaglutide was not significant compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide did not raise a blood vessel function score significantly more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeReactive hyperaemic index (RHI) versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 32 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    RHI difference versus placebo
    0.11
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    RHI increased compared to baseline (0.11, 95%CI [0.008;0.21], p = 0.03) but not compared to placebo in the semaglutide group (0.11, 95%CI [-0.04;0.24], p = 0.16).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide decreased E-Selectin significantly compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide lowered the vessel marker E-Selectin more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseE-Selectin versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 32 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    E-Selectin difference versus placebo
    −9
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, E-Selectin decreased significantly in the semaglutide and combination groups (-9, 95%CI [-14.1;-5.1] p < 0.01 and - 9, 95%CI [-14.3; -5.2] p < 0.01, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide increased VCAM-1 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide raised the vessel marker VCAM-1 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseVCAM-1 versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 32 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    VCAM-1 difference versus placebo
    12.3
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    VCAM-1 increased in the same groups, compared to placebo (12.3, 95%CI[2.8;20.8] p = 0.01 and 16.2, 95%CI [7.2;24.3], p < 0.01, respectively).P-Selectin and ICAM-1 was not significantly affected in any of the groups, compared to placebo (p ≥ 0.11 and p ≥ 0.09, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, P-Selectin was not significantly affected by semaglutide compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide did not change the vessel marker P-Selectin significantly compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeP-Selectin versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 32 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    P-Selectin and ICAM-1 was not significantly affected in any of the groups, compared to placebo (p ≥ 0.11 and p ≥ 0.09, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, ICAM-1 was not significantly affected by semaglutide compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide did not change the vessel marker ICAM-1 significantly compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeICAM-1 versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 32 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    P-Selectin and ICAM-1 was not significantly affected in any of the groups, compared to placebo (p ≥ 0.11 and p ≥ 0.09, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  1. 07HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, the semaglutide plus empagliflozin combination decreased E-Selectin significantly compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide taken with empagliflozin lowered the vessel marker E-Selectin more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseE-Selectin with semaglutide plus empagliflozin versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    E-Selectin difference versus placebo
    −9
    combination

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to placebo, E-Selectin decreased significantly in the semaglutide and combination groups (-9, 95%CI [-14.1;-5.1] p < 0.01 and - 9, 95%CI [-14.3; -5.2] p < 0.01, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  2. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, the semaglutide plus empagliflozin combination increased VCAM-1 compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide taken with empagliflozin raised the vessel marker VCAM-1 more than placebo did.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseVCAM-1 with semaglutide plus empagliflozin versus placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    VCAM-1 difference versus placebo
    16.2
    combination

    Source sentences

    Summary
    VCAM-1 increased in the same groups, compared to placebo (12.3, 95%CI[2.8;20.8] p = 0.01 and 16.2, 95%CI [7.2;24.3], p < 0.01, respectively).P-Selectin and ICAM-1 was not significantly affected in any of the groups, compared to placebo (p ≥ 0.11 and p ≥ 0.09, respectively).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.
    Summary · context
    One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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