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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2026

11 results

S14G-humanin attenuates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, potentially through activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in rats.

Abueid L, Torun AF, Golal E, Acar N, Basrali F

Experimental physiology31 Aug 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID42672739 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC13529252 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1113/ep094006 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42672739
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Summary

Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to acute tubular necrosis and renal failure, triggering pathological mechanisms including inflammation, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mitochondrial peptide humanin (HN), known to possess anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to counteract oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of S14G-humanin (humanin G, HNG) on renal I/R injury. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R. In I/R groups, renal artery ligation was performed for 45 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion. Urine was collected during reperfusion, and the experiment was terminated by collecting blood and tissue samples. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were elevated in the I/R group and were not affected by HNG treatment. Glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity, which were diminished in the I/R group, were significantly restored following HNG administration. Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in HNG-I/R group compared to the I/R group. ATP levels and mitochondrial complex I activity were significantly increased in the HNG-I/R group compared to I/R. The percentage of apoptotic cells, markedly increased in I/R, was significantly reduced in HNG-I/R. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation also increased in HNG-I/R rats compared to I/R animals. HNG mitigates renal I/R injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis while enhancing antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function, through STAT3 and/or ERK1/2 activation.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study11

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin did not change the elevated blood urea nitrogen.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin did not change blood urea nitrogen compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    No significant changeBlood urea nitrogen
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were elevated in the I/R group and were not affected by HNG treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin did not change the elevated serum creatinine.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin did not change serum creatinine compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    No significant changeSerum creatinine
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were elevated in the I/R group and were not affected by HNG treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly restored the glutathione level that was diminished in the I/R group.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin restored glutathione, an antioxidant, compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseGlutathione level
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity, which were diminished in the I/R group, were significantly restored following HNG administration.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly restored the superoxide dismutase activity that was diminished in the I/R group.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin restored superoxide dismutase activity, an antioxidant enzyme, compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseSuperoxide dismutase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity, which were diminished in the I/R group, were significantly restored following HNG administration.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity versus the I/R group.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin lowered an inflammation marker, myeloperoxidase, compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseMyeloperoxidase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in HNG-I/R group compared to the I/R group.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels versus the I/R group.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin lowered malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative damage, compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseMalondialdehyde level
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in HNG-I/R group compared to the I/R group.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly increased ATP levels versus the I/R group.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin raised ATP energy levels compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseATP level
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ATP levels and mitochondrial complex I activity were significantly increased in the HNG-I/R group compared to I/R.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly increased mitochondrial complex I activity versus the I/R group.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin raised mitochondrial complex I activity compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseMitochondrial complex I activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ATP levels and mitochondrial complex I activity were significantly increased in the HNG-I/R group compared to I/R.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin significantly reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells that had markedly increased in I/R.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin reduced the share of cells dying by apoptosis compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseApoptotic cells
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The percentage of apoptotic cells, markedly increased in I/R, was significantly reduced in HNG-I/R.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin increased STAT3 phosphorylation versus I/R animals.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin increased activation of the STAT3 signalling protein compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseSTAT3 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation also increased in HNG-I/R rats compared to I/R animals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats with renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, S14G-humanin increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation versus I/R animals.

    In plain wordsIn rats with kidney injury, S14G-humanin increased activation of the ERK1/2 signalling proteins compared with injured rats without it.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseERK1/2 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (45 min ischaemia, 24 h reperfusion)
    Comparator
    I/R group
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    2 mg/kg · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation also increased in HNG-I/R rats compared to I/R animals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (n = 48): (1) Sham, (2) I/R, (3) HNG-Sham, and (4) HNG-I/R.
    Summary · context
    HNG (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before reperfusion.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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