Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Inflammatory Activation, Choroidal Neovascularization, and Lesion-Associated Remodeling.

Wang J, Osada H, Chen S, Yamaguchi S, Hayashi K, Negishi K, Kurihara T, Ban N

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science1 Aug 2026

PMID42640154PMCIDPMC13543604DOI10.1167/iovs.67.10.59PepBankPUB-42640154

Summary

PurposeTo evaluate the therapeutic potential of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) for modulating the neurovascular inflammatory microenvironment and blunting tissue remodeling in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).MethodsA laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts. Immunostaining evaluated myeloid cell accumulation and fibrosis-associated remodeling. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting assessed inflammatory/angiogenic gene expression and signaling activation in the retina and RPE/choroid. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bEnd.3 and primary mouse RPE cells and TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophage cells were used to model inflammatory and profibrotic responses.ResultsNMN treatment significantly reduced CNV size in the laser-induced CNV model. This was accompanied by decreased myeloid cell accumulation within CNV lesions. NMN attenuated inflammatory and angiogenesis-related gene expression in the RPE/choroid and neural retina and reduced downstream signaling activation. In vitro, NMN suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory and proangiogenic responses in primary RPE cells and bEnd.3 endothelial cells and inhibited NF-κB activation. NMN further attenuated tissue remodeling, as shown by reduced collagen I-positive area under prolonged and delayed dosing regimens, together with decreased F4/80-positive area and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area within CNV lesions. In TGF-β-induced THP-1-derived macrophage cells, NMN suppressed profibrotic responses.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that NMN reduces inflammatory signaling and alleviates the inflammatory microenvironment in CNV, accompanied by decreased angiogenesis-related gene expression and fibrosis-related remodeling. By attenuating inflammatory activation and tissue remodeling processes, NMN warrants further evaluation as an adjunctive approach to limit CNV progression and late-stage tissue remodeling in nAMD.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study13

13 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with laser-induced CNV, NMN significantly reduced CNV lesion size.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced the size of laser-induced abnormal eye blood vessel lesions.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseCNV lesion size
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment significantly reduced CNV size in the laser-induced CNV model.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015401
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, NMN decreased myeloid cell accumulation within lesions.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced myeloid immune cell accumulation in eye lesions.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseMyeloid cell accumulation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
This was accompanied by decreased myeloid cell accumulation within CNV lesions.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
NMN treatment significantly reduced CNV size in the laser-induced CNV model.
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015402
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, NMN attenuated inflammatory gene expression in the RPE/choroid and neural retina.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced inflammatory gene expression in eye tissues.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseInflammatory gene expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN attenuated inflammatory and angiogenesis-related gene expression in the RPE/choroid and neural retina and reduced downstream signaling activation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015403
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, NMN attenuated angiogenesis-related gene expression in the RPE/choroid and neural retina.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced gene expression related to blood vessel growth in eye tissues.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseAngiogenesis-related gene expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN attenuated inflammatory and angiogenesis-related gene expression in the RPE/choroid and neural retina and reduced downstream signaling activation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015404
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with CNV, NMN reduced downstream signaling activation in eye tissues.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced downstream signaling activation in eye tissues.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseDownstream signaling activation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN attenuated inflammatory and angiogenesis-related gene expression in the RPE/choroid and neural retina and reduced downstream signaling activation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015405
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, prolonged NMN dosing reduced collagen I-positive lesion area.
In plain wordsIn mice, prolonged NMN treatment reduced collagen I-positive eye lesion area.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseCollagen I-positive area with prolonged dosing
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Organ injury · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN further attenuated tissue remodeling, as shown by reduced collagen I-positive area under prolonged and delayed dosing regimens, together with decreased F4/80-positive area and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area within CNV lesions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015409
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, delayed NMN dosing reduced collagen I-positive lesion area.
In plain wordsIn mice, delayed NMN treatment reduced collagen I-positive eye lesion area.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseCollagen I-positive area with delayed dosing
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Organ injury · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN further attenuated tissue remodeling, as shown by reduced collagen I-positive area under prolonged and delayed dosing regimens, together with decreased F4/80-positive area and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area within CNV lesions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015410
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, NMN reduced F4/80-positive lesion area.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced F4/80-positive immune cell area in eye lesions.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseF4/80-positive area
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Immune response · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN further attenuated tissue remodeling, as shown by reduced collagen I-positive area under prolonged and delayed dosing regimens, together with decreased F4/80-positive area and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area within CNV lesions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015411
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with CNV, NMN reduced α-smooth muscle actin-positive lesion area.
In plain wordsIn mice, NMN reduced α-smooth muscle actin-positive area in eye lesions.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
Decreaseα-smooth muscle actin-positive area
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice
Outcome group
Organ injury · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN further attenuated tissue remodeling, as shown by reduced collagen I-positive area under prolonged and delayed dosing regimens, together with decreased F4/80-positive area and α-smooth muscle actin-positive area within CNV lesions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and CNV lesion size was quantified on RPE/choroid flat mounts.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015412
10LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In LPS-stimulated primary RPE and bEnd.3 endothelial cells, NMN suppressed inflammatory responses.
In plain wordsIn cells, NMN reduced inflammatory responses induced by LPS.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseInflammatory responses
Study
mousen: not reported in source
LPS-stimulated primary RPE and bEnd.3 endothelial cells
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro, NMN suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory and proangiogenic responses in primary RPE cells and bEnd.3 endothelial cells and inhibited NF-κB activation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bEnd.3 and primary mouse RPE cells and TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophage cells were used to model inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015406
11LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In LPS-stimulated primary RPE and bEnd.3 endothelial cells, NMN suppressed proangiogenic responses.
In plain wordsIn cells, NMN reduced responses that promote blood vessel growth after LPS stimulation.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseProangiogenic responses
Study
mousen: not reported in source
LPS-stimulated primary RPE and bEnd.3 endothelial cells
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro, NMN suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory and proangiogenic responses in primary RPE cells and bEnd.3 endothelial cells and inhibited NF-κB activation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bEnd.3 and primary mouse RPE cells and TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophage cells were used to model inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015407
12LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In LPS-stimulated primary RPE and bEnd.3 endothelial cells, NMN inhibited NF-κB activation.
In plain wordsIn cells, NMN inhibited NF-κB activation after LPS stimulation.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseNF-κB activation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
LPS-stimulated primary RPE and bEnd.3 endothelial cells
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro, NMN suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory and proangiogenic responses in primary RPE cells and bEnd.3 endothelial cells and inhibited NF-κB activation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bEnd.3 and primary mouse RPE cells and TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophage cells were used to model inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015408
13LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages, NMN suppressed profibrotic responses.
In plain wordsIn cells, NMN reduced fibrosis-promoting responses in TGF-β-stimulated macrophages.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseProfibrotic responses
Study
humann: not reported in source
TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages
Outcome group
Organ injury · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In TGF-β-induced THP-1-derived macrophage cells, NMN suppressed profibrotic responses.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bEnd.3 and primary mouse RPE cells and TGF-β-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophage cells were used to model inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4264015413

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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