EGCG-Biotin-Pal-GHK composition modulates TGF-β and BMP pathways in scalp microenvironment for treating stress-induced alopecia.

Zheng X, Wang N, Ma H, Xu Z, Wu W, Liu W, Fu M, Han L

European journal of pharmacology10 Aug 2026

PMID42575238DOI10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.179217PepBankPUB-42575238

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.

01AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with fibrotic alopecia, High EBP increased BMP2 by 2.77-fold versus the Model group.
In plain wordsIn mice, High EBP increased BMP2 compared with the Model group.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
IncreaseBMP2 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
stress-induced fibrotic alopecia
Comparator
Model group
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In the stress-induced fibrotic alopecia mouse model, compared to the Model group, the High EBP group significantly upregulated BMP2 by 2.77-fold, while downregulating TGF-β1 and P-Smad2 expression levels to 35.7% and 65.9%, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523803
02AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with fibrotic alopecia, High EBP reduced TGF-β1 to 35.7% versus the Model group.
In plain wordsIn mice, High EBP reduced TGF-β1 compared with the Model group.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
stress-induced fibrotic alopecia
Comparator
Model group
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In the stress-induced fibrotic alopecia mouse model, compared to the Model group, the High EBP group significantly upregulated BMP2 by 2.77-fold, while downregulating TGF-β1 and P-Smad2 expression levels to 35.7% and 65.9%, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523804
03AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with fibrotic alopecia, High EBP reduced P-Smad2 to 65.9% versus the Model group.
In plain wordsIn mice, High EBP reduced P-Smad2 compared with the Model group.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
DecreaseP-Smad2 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
stress-induced fibrotic alopecia
Comparator
Model group
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In the stress-induced fibrotic alopecia mouse model, compared to the Model group, the High EBP group significantly upregulated BMP2 by 2.77-fold, while downregulating TGF-β1 and P-Smad2 expression levels to 35.7% and 65.9%, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523805
04AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with fibrotic alopecia, EBP treatment accompanied improvements in hair follicle morphology.
In plain wordsIn mice, EBP treatment accompanied improved hair follicle structure.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
IncreaseHair follicle morphology
Study
mousen: not reported in source
stress-induced fibrotic alopecia
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
These molecular changes were accompanied by substantial improvements in hair follicle morphology, hair shaft quality and hair regrowth.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the stress-induced fibrotic alopecia mouse model, compared to the Model group, the High EBP group significantly upregulated BMP2 by 2.77-fold, while downregulating TGF-β1 and P-Smad2 expression levels to 35.7% and 65.9%, respectively.
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523806
05AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with fibrotic alopecia, EBP treatment accompanied improvements in hair shaft quality.
In plain wordsIn mice, EBP treatment accompanied improved hair shaft quality.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
IncreaseHair shaft quality
Study
mousen: not reported in source
stress-induced fibrotic alopecia
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
These molecular changes were accompanied by substantial improvements in hair follicle morphology, hair shaft quality and hair regrowth.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the stress-induced fibrotic alopecia mouse model, compared to the Model group, the High EBP group significantly upregulated BMP2 by 2.77-fold, while downregulating TGF-β1 and P-Smad2 expression levels to 35.7% and 65.9%, respectively.
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523807
06AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with fibrotic alopecia, EBP treatment accompanied improved hair regrowth.
In plain wordsIn mice, EBP treatment accompanied improved hair regrowth.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
IncreaseHair regrowth
Study
mousen: not reported in source
stress-induced fibrotic alopecia
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
These molecular changes were accompanied by substantial improvements in hair follicle morphology, hair shaft quality and hair regrowth.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In the stress-induced fibrotic alopecia mouse model, compared to the Model group, the High EBP group significantly upregulated BMP2 by 2.77-fold, while downregulating TGF-β1 and P-Smad2 expression levels to 35.7% and 65.9%, respectively.
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523808
07LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneOther designEfficacy outcome
In the reported experiments, EBP inhibited the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
In plain wordsIn experiments using several models, the EBP combination inhibited the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β/Smad pathway
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
The results demonstrated that EBP effectively inhibited TGF-β/Smad pathway and activated BMP pathway.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Through molecular docking, cell co-culture experiments, animal models and microbial interaction analysis, the EBP combination was systematically evaluated for its effects in inhibiting follicular fibrosis, promoting follicular regeneration and enhancing keratin synthesis.
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523801
08LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 aloneOther designEfficacy outcome
In the reported experiments, EBP activated the BMP pathway.
In plain wordsIn experiments using several models, the EBP combination activated the BMP pathway.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1
Outcome
IncreaseBMP pathway
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
The results demonstrated that EBP effectively inhibited TGF-β/Smad pathway and activated BMP pathway.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Through molecular docking, cell co-culture experiments, animal models and microbial interaction analysis, the EBP combination was systematically evaluated for its effects in inhibiting follicular fibrosis, promoting follicular regeneration and enhancing keratin synthesis.
Summary · context
This study proposes a novel combination strategy (EBP: EGCG, Biotin and Pal-GHK) designed to synergistically modulate the TGF-β/Smad and BMP signaling pathways to target key pathological processes in stress-induced alopecia.
In this study, Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tripeptide-1.
Report a problemFND-4257523802

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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