Risk of Dementia after initiation of GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

Lin CH, Hung PH, Chung MC, Wu LY, Chung CJ

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease8 Aug 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID42570467PMCIDPMC13476480DOI10.1016/j.tjpad.2026.100645PepBankPUB-42570467

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk than insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk versus long-acting insulin.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseUnspecified dementia
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.42 ratio
dulaglutide versus insulin
Source sentences
Summary
Among GLP-1 RAs, both liraglutide (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20-0.80, P=0.0091) and dulaglutide (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92, P=0.0311) showed significant protective effects against unspecified dementia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
Report a problemFND-4257046709
02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, liraglutide was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk than insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, liraglutide was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk versus long-acting insulin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseUnspecified dementia
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.4 ratio
liraglutide versus insulin
Source sentences
Summary
Among GLP-1 RAs, both liraglutide (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20-0.80, P=0.0091) and dulaglutide (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92, P=0.0311) showed significant protective effects against unspecified dementia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
Report a problemFND-4257046710

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

03HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower overall dementia risk than insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower overall dementia risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseOverall dementia
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.64 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Dementia incidence rate
4.86 per 1,000 person-years
GLP-1 RA users
Dementia incidence rate
7.56 per 1,000 person-years
insulin users
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly lower risk of overall dementia (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.89, P=0.0072)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The incidence rate was 4.86 per 1,000 person-years in GLP-1 RA users versus 7.56 in insulin users.
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4257046701
04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower overall dementia risk than insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower overall dementia risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseOverall dementia
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.64 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Dementia incidence rate
4.86 per 1,000 person-years
GLP-1 RA users
Dementia incidence rate
7.56 per 1,000 person-years
insulin users
Source sentences
Summary
GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly lower risk of overall dementia (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.89, P=0.0072)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The incidence rate was 4.86 per 1,000 person-years in GLP-1 RA users versus 7.56 in insulin users.
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4257046702
05HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk than insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseUnspecified dementia
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.41 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Source sentences
Summary
and unspecified dementia (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.68, P=0.0006)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4257046703
06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk than insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to lower unspecified dementia risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseUnspecified dementia
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.41 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Source sentences
Summary
and unspecified dementia (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.68, P=0.0006)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4257046704
07HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with Alzheimer's disease versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to no significant difference in Alzheimer’s disease risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeAlzheimer's disease
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.48 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Source sentences
Summary
but not for Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.48, 95% CI 0.61-3.63, P=0.3867)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4257046705
08HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with Alzheimer's disease versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to no significant difference in Alzheimer’s disease risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAlzheimer's disease
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.48 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Source sentences
Summary
but not for Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.48, 95% CI 0.61-3.63, P=0.3867)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4257046706
09HumanNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with vascular dementia versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to no significant difference in vascular dementia risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeVascular dementia
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.66 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Source sentences
Summary
or vascular dementia (HR 1.66, 95% CI 0.21-13.03, P=0.6324).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4257046707
10HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use showed no significant association with vascular dementia versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, pooled GLP-1 RA use was linked to no significant difference in vascular dementia risk versus insulin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeVascular dementia
Study
n = 21,566
Comparator
Long-acting insulin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.66 ratio
pooled GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin
Source sentences
Summary
or vascular dementia (HR 1.66, 95% CI 0.21-13.03, P=0.6324).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, we compare the risk of dementia associated with GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in adults aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using real-world administrative data
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4257046708

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Risk of Dementia after initiation of GLP-1 RA versus long-acting insulin in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

Summary

Results from this study10

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords