Relationship Between GLP-1-Based Therapies and Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Nijakowski K, Gruszczyński D, Łacinik S, Zdrojewski J, Ottolenghi L, Mazur M

International journal of molecular sciences20 Jul 2026

PMID42511792PMCIDPMC13411477DOI10.3390/ijms27146447PepBankPUB-42511792

Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, have recently attracted attention for their potential effects on periodontal tissues. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence regarding the relationship between GLP-1-based therapies and periodontal health, with particular emphasis on anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and regenerative mechanisms. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations. The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2. Clinical observations additionally indicate a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and incretin signalling, with periodontal therapy associated with increased systemic GLP-1 levels. However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies. Randomised clinical trials are required to determine the clinical efficacy and therapeutic relevance of GLP-1-based therapies in periodontitis management.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

01AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designEfficacy outcome
In a mixed systematic-review synthesis, GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation.
In plain wordsIn preclinical findings within a mixed review, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide may lessen periodontal inflammation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreasePeriodontal inflammation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179201
02AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designEfficacy outcome
In a mixed systematic-review synthesis, GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may reduce alveolar bone loss.
In plain wordsIn preclinical findings within a mixed review, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide may reduce alveolar bone loss.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAlveolar bone loss
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179202
03AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designMechanism
In a heterogeneous preclinical systematic-review synthesis, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1RAs including liraglutide were linked to MAPK/ERK pathway modulation.
In plain wordsIn preclinical findings within a mixed review, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide involved MAPK/ERK modulation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedMAPK/ERK pathway modulation in periodontal findings
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179205
04AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designMechanism
In a heterogeneous preclinical systematic-review synthesis, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1RAs including liraglutide were linked to Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.
In plain wordsIn preclinical findings within a mixed review, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide involved Wnt/β-catenin modulation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedWnt/β-catenin pathway modulation in periodontal findings
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179206
05AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designMechanism
In a heterogeneous preclinical systematic-review synthesis, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1RAs including liraglutide were linked to NF-κB pathway modulation.
In plain wordsIn preclinical findings within a mixed review, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide involved NF-κB modulation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedNF-κB pathway modulation in periodontal findings
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179207
06AnimalNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designMechanism
In a heterogeneous preclinical systematic-review synthesis, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1RAs including liraglutide were linked to PKCβ2 pathway modulation.
In plain wordsIn preclinical findings within a mixed review, proposed periodontal effects of pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide involved PKCβ2 modulation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPKCβ2 pathway modulation in periodontal findings
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179208
07LabNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In laboratory findings within a heterogeneous systematic review, pooled GLP-1RAs including liraglutide may enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells.
In plain wordsIn laboratory periodontal-ligament stem cells, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide may enhance bone-forming differentiation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseOsteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Study
n: not reported in source
periodontal ligament stem cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179203
08LabNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In laboratory findings within a heterogeneous systematic review, pooled GLP-1RAs including liraglutide may enhance osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.
In plain wordsIn laboratory dental-pulp stem cells, pooled GLP-1 drugs including liraglutide may enhance bone-forming differentiation.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseOsteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Study
n: not reported in source
dental pulp stem cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The available evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs such as liraglutide and exendin-4 may attenuate periodontal inflammation, reduce alveolar bone loss, and enhance osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells through modulation of pathways including MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PKCβ2.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases identified 22 eligible studies, including in vitro, animal, and human investigations.
Summary · context
However, the current evidence remains heterogeneous and is largely limited to preclinical and observational studies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4251179204

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.