Mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozymes promote mitophagy and inhibit mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation in osteoarthritis.

Li T, Zheng A, Zhu C, Li Y, Yang Z, Tang X, Jin Y, Dong T, Li B, Xia L, Cao L, Fang B

Bioactive materials10 Jul 2026

PMID42473606PMCIDPMC13380783DOI10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.07.010PepBankPUB-42473606

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

01AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with ACLT-induced osteoarthritis, intra-articular MS@PMXene-TK improved cartilage protection and subchondral bone integrity.
In plain wordsIn mice with osteoarthritis, a joint injection of a multi-component nanozyme improved protection of cartilage and bone.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseCartilage protection and subchondral bone integrity
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ACLT-induced osteoarthritis model
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
In an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA mouse model, intra-articular administration of MS@PMXene-TK significantly improved cartilage protection and subchondral bone integrity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360608
02LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In chondrocytes, the MS@PMXene-TK nanozyme (containing the mitochondria-targeting peptide MTP-131 and a chondro-inductive peptide) scavenged mitochondrial ROS.
In plain wordsIn cells, a nanozyme containing several components, including the SS‑31 related peptide MTP-131, cleared reactive oxygen species from mitochondria.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseMitochondrial ROS in chondrocytes
Study
n: not reported in source
chondrocytes
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that MS@PMXene-TK effectively scavenged mitochondrial ROS within chondrocytes, acting as a "cruise missile," which led to restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotion of mitophagy.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360601
03LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In chondrocytes, the MS@PMXene-TK nanozyme restored mitochondrial membrane potential.
In plain wordsIn cells, a multi-component nanozyme restored the electrical potential across the mitochondrial membrane.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseMitochondrial membrane potential
Study
n: not reported in source
chondrocytes
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that MS@PMXene-TK effectively scavenged mitochondrial ROS within chondrocytes, acting as a "cruise missile," which led to restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotion of mitophagy.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360602
04LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In chondrocytes, the MS@PMXene-TK nanozyme promoted mitophagy.
In plain wordsIn cells, a multi-component nanozyme increased the clearing of damaged mitochondria.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseMitophagy
Study
n: not reported in source
chondrocytes
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that MS@PMXene-TK effectively scavenged mitochondrial ROS within chondrocytes, acting as a "cruise missile," which led to restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotion of mitophagy.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360603
05LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
The MS@PMXene-TK nanozyme mitigated mtDNA leakage in osteoarthritis models.
In plain wordsIn cells and animals, a multi-component nanozyme reduced leakage of mitochondrial DNA.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreasemtDNA leakage
Study
n: not reported in source
chondrocytes
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
This cascade mitigated mtDNA leakage and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, a critical inflammatory driver in OA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360604
06LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
The MS@PMXene-TK nanozyme reduced activation of the cGAS/STING pathway in osteoarthritis models.
In plain wordsIn cells and animals, a multi-component nanozyme reduced activation of an inflammatory pathway linked to osteoarthritis.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreasecGAS/STING pathway activation
Study
n: not reported in source
chondrocytes
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
This cascade mitigated mtDNA leakage and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, a critical inflammatory driver in OA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360605
07LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Sustained release of the peptide SPPEPS from the nanozyme enhanced chondrogenic marker expression and extracellular matrix synthesis.
In plain wordsIn cells, a multi-component nanozyme increased cartilage-forming markers and matrix production.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseChondrogenic marker expression and extracellular matrix synthesis
Study
n: not reported in source
chondrocytes
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Concurrently, sustained release of SPPEPS enhanced chondrogenic marker expression and extracellular matrix synthesis
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360606
08LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
The MS@PMXene-TK nanozyme alleviated macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
In plain wordsIn cells, a multi-component nanozyme reduced inflammatory responses of macrophages.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseMacrophage-mediated inflammatory responses
Study
n: not reported in source
macrophages
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
while alleviating macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses, further modulating the inflammatory microenvironment.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This nanozyme platform uniquely integrated a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS)-loaded, polydopamine (PDA)-modified MXene core (S@PMXene) with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG-TK) shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131), enabling preci…
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4247360607

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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