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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2026

1 result

Dysregulation of circulating damage-associated molecular patterns in diabetic foot syndrome.

Uyy E, Suica VI, Ivan L, Boteanu RM, Uta DV, Bernea EG, Georgescu DE, Chiriac O, Simionescu M, Antohe F

Frontiers in immunology22 Jun 2026

PMID42440461 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC13333410 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fimmu.2026.1849387 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42440461
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Summary

BackgroundDiabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is characterized by chronic inflammation, thrombotic imbalance, and impaired wound healing, yet systemic molecular alterations underlying this complication remain incompletely defined. In this study, we combined clinical plasma proteomics with experimental pharmacological modulation to characterize a circulating damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-related signature linked to systemic inflammatory signaling in DFS.MethodsPlasma samples from patients with type 2 diabetes with and without DFS, including individuals with varying degrees of limb ischemia, were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially abundant proteins were evaluated in relation to inflammatory, hematological, and metabolic parameters. Pharmacological responsiveness was assessed in a murine diabetic ischemic wound model treated with a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor.ResultsProteomic analysis identified coordinated differences in the abundance of multiple acute-phase and stress-associated proteins, including serum amyloid A1, serum amyloid A2, serum amyloid P component, S100A8, defensin alpha 1B, fibrinogen chains, heat shock protein family A member 5, thymosin beta 4, fibronectin 1, and tenascins. These proteins exhibited differences between DFS patients and diabetic controls and were explored in relation to systemic inflammatory variables. Several DAMPs demonstrated reproducible patterns across the studied groups, suggesting the presence of a coordinated circulating molecular pattern rather than isolated changes in individual proteins. In diabetic ischemic mice, TLR4 inhibition was associated with altered abundance of several circulating proteins, including reductions in selected amyloid-associated proteins. These observations suggest an association between modulation of innate immune signaling pathways and circulating protein profiles.ConclusionOverall, these findings support a systemic alteration in circulating DAMP abundance in DFS and provide exploratory clinical and experimental evidence to guide future investigations into DAMP-mediated inflammatory pathways in diabetic ischemic complications. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD073507.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study1

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In patients with type 2 diabetes, plasma proteomics found that thymosin beta‑4 abundance differed between patients with diabetic foot syndrome and diabetic controls; the direction is not stated.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 level in blood differed between those with and without diabetic foot syndrome.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedPlasma thymosin beta 4 abundance in diabetic foot syndrome
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Diabetic controls without DFS
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Proteomic analysis identified coordinated differences in the abundance of multiple acute-phase and stress-associated proteins, including serum amyloid A1, serum amyloid A2, serum amyloid P component, S100A8, defensin alpha 1B, fibrinogen chains, heat shock protein family A member 5, thymosin beta 4, fibronectin 1, and tenascins.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    These proteins exhibited differences between DFS patients and diabetic controls and were explored in relation to systemic inflammatory variables.
    Summary · context
    Plasma samples from patients with type 2 diabetes with and without DFS, including individuals with varying degrees of limb ischemia, were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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