Therapeutic effect of intranasal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the restoration of olfactory dysfunction.

Yoo SH, Jang JY, Bae JS, Ventura R, Kim EH, Kim AY, Mo JH, Park J, Kang K, Yun Y, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee DJ, Kim JH

Experimental & molecular medicine1 Jul 2026

PMID42380286PMCIDPMC13434466DOI10.1038/s12276-026-01761-9PepBankPUB-42380286

Summary

Olfactory dysfunction is a debilitating condition with no established treatment. This study evaluated the efficacy of intranasal (i.n.) NAD administration in restoring olfactory function. Cultured human olfactory stem cells (hOSCs) were treated with NAD and assessed by immunofluorescence staining, PCR, and western blot analyses. In vivo, mice with ZnSO₄-induced anosmia were treated with i.n. NAD, intraperitoneal dexamethasone, or PBS and evaluated by histological analysis, behavioral tests, bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and in situ hybridization. NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP). In vivo, the NAD group showed significant olfactory function improvement and marked olfactory epithelium repair. Bulk RNA-seq of the olfactory turbinate tissue identified 113 differentially expressed genes (cluster T1) upregulated in control and NAD groups. The Gene Ontology (GO) term "modulation of chemical synaptic transmission" was associated with cluster T1, and 25 genes implicated in this GO were upregulated in the NAD group. Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD. Protein expression of DLGAP2 and PCDH17 was higher in differentiated hOSCs treated with NAD. In situ hybridization confirmed that Dlgap2, Foxo3, and Pcdh17 expression was restored in anosmic mice treated with i.n. NAD. The potential therapeutic efficacy of i.n. NAD administration was demonstrated by showing regeneration of OSNs in hOSCs and restoring olfactory function in an anosmia mouse model.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study26

18 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with induced anosmia, intranasal NAD significantly improved olfactory function.
In plain wordsIn mice with induced loss of smell, intranasal NAD improved smell function.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseOlfactory function
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ZnSO4-induced anosmia
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, the NAD group showed significant olfactory function improvement and marked olfactory epithelium repair.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vivo, mice with ZnSO₄-induced anosmia were treated with i.n. NAD, intraperitoneal dexamethasone, or PBS and evaluated by histological analysis, behavioral tests, bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and in situ hybridization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028611
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with induced anosmia, intranasal NAD produced marked olfactory epithelium repair.
In plain wordsIn mice with induced loss of smell, intranasal NAD promoted repair of the smell-sensing tissue.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseOlfactory epithelium repair
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ZnSO4-induced anosmia
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo, the NAD group showed significant olfactory function improvement and marked olfactory epithelium repair.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vivo, mice with ZnSO₄-induced anosmia were treated with i.n. NAD, intraperitoneal dexamethasone, or PBS and evaluated by histological analysis, behavioral tests, bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and in situ hybridization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028612
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mouse olfactory turbinate tissue, RNA sequencing identified genes upregulated in both control and NAD groups.
In plain wordsIn mice, RNA sequencing found genes increased in both control and NAD groups.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseCluster T1 gene expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ZnSO4-induced anosmia olfactory turbinate tissue
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
differentially expressed genes
113 genes
cluster T1
Source sentences
Summary
Bulk RNA-seq of the olfactory turbinate tissue identified 113 differentially expressed genes (cluster T1) upregulated in control and NAD groups.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vivo, mice with ZnSO₄-induced anosmia were treated with i.n. NAD, intraperitoneal dexamethasone, or PBS and evaluated by histological analysis, behavioral tests, bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and in situ hybridization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028613
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In anosmic mice, intranasal NAD restored Dlgap2 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with loss of smell, intranasal NAD restored Dlgap2 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseDlgap2 expression restoration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ZnSO4-induced anosmia
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In situ hybridization confirmed that Dlgap2, Foxo3, and Pcdh17 expression was restored in anosmic mice treated with i.n. NAD.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028624
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In anosmic mice, intranasal NAD restored Foxo3 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with loss of smell, intranasal NAD restored Foxo3 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseFoxo3 expression restoration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ZnSO4-induced anosmia
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In situ hybridization confirmed that Dlgap2, Foxo3, and Pcdh17 expression was restored in anosmic mice treated with i.n. NAD.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028625
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In anosmic mice, intranasal NAD restored Pcdh17 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with loss of smell, intranasal NAD restored Pcdh17 expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreasePcdh17 expression restoration
Study
mousen: not reported in source
ZnSO4-induced anosmia
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In situ hybridization confirmed that Dlgap2, Foxo3, and Pcdh17 expression was restored in anosmic mice treated with i.n. NAD.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028626
07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD promoted differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD promoted development into olfactory sensory neurons.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseDifferentiation into olfactory sensory neurons
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028601
08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased SOX2 marker expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased SOX2 marker expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSOX2 marker expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028602
09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased nestin marker expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased nestin marker expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseNestin marker expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028603
10LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased Tuj1 marker expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased Tuj1 marker expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseTuj1 marker expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028604
11LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased OMP marker expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased OMP marker expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseOMP marker expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028605
12LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased SOX2 gene expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased SOX2 gene expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSOX2 gene expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028606
13LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased NESTIN gene expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased NESTIN gene expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseNESTIN gene expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028607
14LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased NEUROD1 gene expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased NEUROD1 gene expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseNEUROD1 gene expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028608
15LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased NEUROG1 gene expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased NEUROG1 gene expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseNEUROG1 gene expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028609
16LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured human olfactory stem cells, NAD increased OMP gene expression.
In plain wordsIn human cells, NAD increased OMP gene expression.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseOMP gene expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NAD promoted hOSC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), evidenced by increased stem cell (SOX2 and nestin) and OSN markers (Tuj1 and OMP) expression, and upregulated neuronal differentiation-related genes (SOX2, NESTIN, NEUROD1, NEUROG1, and OMP).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028610
17LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In differentiated human olfactory stem cells, DLGAP2 protein expression was higher with NAD treatment.
In plain wordsIn human cells, DLGAP2 protein expression was higher with NAD treatment.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseDLGAP2 protein expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Protein expression of DLGAP2 and PCDH17 was higher in differentiated hOSCs treated with NAD.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028622
18LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In differentiated human olfactory stem cells, PCDH17 protein expression was higher with NAD treatment.
In plain wordsIn human cells, PCDH17 protein expression was higher with NAD treatment.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreasePCDH17 protein expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
cultured human olfactory stem cells
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Protein expression of DLGAP2 and PCDH17 was higher in differentiated hOSCs treated with NAD.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028623

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

19Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In Gene Ontology analysis, cluster T1 was associated with modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, the gene cluster shared by control and NAD groups was linked to chemical synaptic transmission.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
Not applicableChemical synaptic transmission gene set
Study
n: not reported in source
Gene Ontology analysis of cluster T1
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
The Gene Ontology (GO) term "modulation of chemical synaptic transmission" was associated with cluster T1, and 25 genes implicated in this GO were upregulated in the NAD group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Bulk RNA-seq of the olfactory turbinate tissue identified 113 differentially expressed genes (cluster T1) upregulated in control and NAD groups.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028614
20Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In Gene Ontology analysis, 25 genes associated with chemical synaptic transmission were upregulated in the NAD group.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, genes linked to chemical synaptic transmission were increased in the NAD group.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSynaptic transmission gene expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Gene Ontology analysis of olfactory tissue RNA sequencing
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
upregulated genes
25 genes
chemical synaptic transmission
Source sentences
Summary
The Gene Ontology (GO) term "modulation of chemical synaptic transmission" was associated with cluster T1, and 25 genes implicated in this GO were upregulated in the NAD group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vivo, mice with ZnSO₄-induced anosmia were treated with i.n. NAD, intraperitoneal dexamethasone, or PBS and evaluated by histological analysis, behavioral tests, bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and in situ hybridization.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028615
21Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In integrated RNA sequencing analysis, ABHD2 was identified among neuronal marker genes upregulated by NAD.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, ABHD2 was among neuronal marker genes identified as increased by NAD.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseABHD2 expression signature
Study
n: not reported in source
integration with public single-cell RNA sequencing data
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028616
22Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In integrated RNA sequencing analysis, DLGAP2 was identified among neuronal marker genes upregulated by NAD.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, DLGAP2 was among neuronal marker genes identified as increased by NAD.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseDLGAP2 expression signature
Study
n: not reported in source
integration with public single-cell RNA sequencing data
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028617
23Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In integrated RNA sequencing analysis, FOXO3 was identified among neuronal marker genes upregulated by NAD.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, FOXO3 was among neuronal marker genes identified as increased by NAD.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseFOXO3 expression signature
Study
n: not reported in source
integration with public single-cell RNA sequencing data
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028618
24Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In integrated RNA sequencing analysis, HIPK2 was identified among neuronal marker genes upregulated by NAD.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, HIPK2 was among neuronal marker genes identified as increased by NAD.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseHIPK2 expression signature
Study
n: not reported in source
integration with public single-cell RNA sequencing data
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028619
25Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In integrated RNA sequencing analysis, KCNMA1 was identified among neuronal marker genes upregulated by NAD.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, KCNMA1 was among neuronal marker genes identified as increased by NAD.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseKCNMA1 expression signature
Study
n: not reported in source
integration with public single-cell RNA sequencing data
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028620
26Computer modelNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn silicoMechanism
In integrated RNA sequencing analysis, PCDH17 was identified among neuronal marker genes upregulated by NAD.
In plain wordsIn computer analysis, PCDH17 was among neuronal marker genes identified as increased by NAD.
Peptide
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Outcome
IncreasePCDH17 expression signature
Study
n: not reported in source
integration with public single-cell RNA sequencing data
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Integration with publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data identified six neuronal marker genes - ABHD2, DLGAP2, FOXO3, HIPK2, KCNMA1, and PCDH17 - upregulated by NAD.
In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4238028621

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

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