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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2026

6 results

Circulating mitochondrial-derived microproteins at rest and in response to an acute bout of endurance exercise in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Horwath O, Corell L, Wan J, Hjalmarsson E, Starck J, Reitzner SM, Norrbom J, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Kvist O, Cohen P, von Walden F, Edman S

Experimental physiology25 Jun 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID42349896 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC13394186 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1113/ep093298 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-42349896
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Summary

Regular exercise using assistive movement devices, such as running frames, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the molecular pathways underlying these adaptations remain poorly understood. Here, we examined a novel class of signalling molecules, mitochondrial-derived microproteins (MDPs), and assessed whether individuals with CP exhibit altered circulating levels compared with typically developing (TD) individuals at rest and following an acute bout of endurance exercise. Three groups were included: TD adults (31 ± 6 years), TD adolescents (16 ± 1 years) and adults with CP (25 ± 6 years). Individuals with CP were classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II-IV and had at least 3 months of frame running experience. Habitual physical activity, ultrasound-derived muscle thickness, and peak oxygen uptake were assessed. The exercise session consisted of 45 min of frame running for individuals with CP and conventional running for TD participants. Blood samples were obtained before and 1 h after exercise, and plasma MDP concentrations were measured using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adults with CP had reduced muscle mass and maximal oxygen uptake compared to TD individuals. Despite this, they exhibited basal circulating levels of MDPs, including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE, comparable to TD adults and adolescents, with no associations with CP subtype or motor impairment severity. Following exercise, circulating MDPs showed no or only modest changes across groups, with no differences between CP and TD individuals. Overall, these findings suggest preserved mitochondrial-derived signalling via MDPs in individuals with CP.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured6

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Adults with cerebral palsy had basal circulating MOTS‑c comparable to typically developing adults and adolescents.

    In plain wordsPeople with cerebral palsy had about the same level of the body's own MOTS‑c in blood at rest as people without it.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    No significant changeBasal circulating MOTS-c in cerebral palsy versus typically developing
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Typically developing adults and adolescents
    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    they exhibited basal circulating levels of MDPs, including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE, comparable to TD adults and adolescents
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Three groups were included: TD adults (31 ± 6 years), TD adolescents (16 ± 1 years) and adults with CP (25 ± 6 years).

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Basal circulating MOTS‑c showed no associations with cerebral palsy subtype or motor impairment severity.

    In plain wordsNatural MOTS‑c levels in blood were not linked to the type or severity of cerebral palsy.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    No significant changeBasal MOTS-c and cerebral palsy subtype or motor impairment severity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    they exhibited basal circulating levels of MDPs, including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE, comparable to TD adults and adolescents, with no associations with CP subtype or motor impairment severity
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Three groups were included: TD adults (31 ± 6 years), TD adolescents (16 ± 1 years) and adults with CP (25 ± 6 years).

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    After an acute bout of endurance exercise, circulating mitochondrial-derived peptides including MOTS‑c showed no or only modest changes across groups.

    In plain wordsAfter one session of endurance exercise, natural blood levels of mitochondrial-derived peptides, including MOTS‑c, showed little or no change.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    No significant changeChange in circulating MOTS-c after acute endurance exercise
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Following exercise, circulating MDPs showed no or only modest changes across groups, with no differences between CP and TD individuals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE
    Summary · context
    Three groups were included: TD adults (31 ± 6 years), TD adolescents (16 ± 1 years) and adults with CP (25 ± 6 years).

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    After exercise, circulating mitochondrial-derived peptides including MOTS‑c did not differ between individuals with cerebral palsy and typically developing individuals.

    In plain wordsAfter exercise, people with cerebral palsy and people without it had similar natural blood levels of mitochondrial-derived peptides, including MOTS‑c.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    No significant changePost-exercise circulating MOTS-c in cerebral palsy versus typically developing
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Typically developing individuals
    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Following exercise, circulating MDPs showed no or only modest changes across groups, with no differences between CP and TD individuals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE
    Summary · context
    Three groups were included: TD adults (31 ± 6 years), TD adolescents (16 ± 1 years) and adults with CP (25 ± 6 years).

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In adults with cerebral palsy, basal circulating humanin was comparable to typically developing adults and adolescents.

    In plain wordsAdults with cerebral palsy had natural humanin levels at rest similar to those of typically developing people.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    No significant changeBasal circulating humanin in cerebral palsy
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Typically developing individuals
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Despite this, they exhibited basal circulating levels of MDPs, including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE, comparable to TD adults and adolescents, with no associations with CP subtype or motor impairment severity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Here, we examined a novel class of signalling molecules, mitochondrial-derived microproteins (MDPs), and assessed whether individuals with CP exhibit altered circulating levels compared with typically developing (TD) individuals at rest and following an acute bout of endurance exercise.
    Summary · context
    Blood samples were obtained before and 1 h after exercise, and plasma MDP concentrations were measured using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  6. 06HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    After a bout of endurance exercise, circulating mitochondrial-derived peptides, including humanin, showed no or only modest changes, with no differences between cerebral palsy and typically developing groups.

    In plain wordsAfter exercise, the body's own humanin and related peptides changed little, with no difference between people with cerebral palsy and others.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    No significant changeCirculating humanin response to acute endurance exercise
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Typically developing individuals
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Despite this, they exhibited basal circulating levels of MDPs, including humanin, MOTS-c and SHMOOSE, comparable to TD adults and adolescents, with no associations with CP subtype or motor impairment severity. Following exercise, circulating MDPs showed no or only modest changes across groups, with no differences between CP and TD individuals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Here, we examined a novel class of signalling molecules, mitochondrial-derived microproteins (MDPs), and assessed whether individuals with CP exhibit altered circulating levels compared with typically developing (TD) individuals at rest and following an acute bout of endurance exercise.
    Summary · context
    Blood samples were obtained before and 1 h after exercise, and plasma MDP concentrations were measured using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 18Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC

    The same notice was added 15 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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