Semaglutide and risk of Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lampsas S, Agapitou C, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Theodossiadis P, Tsivgoulis G, Lambadiari V, Chatziralli I

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie27 May 2026

PMID42201355DOI10.1007/s00417-026-07291-4PepBankPUB-42201355

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide use was associated with a higher risk of NAION at 1 year than non-GLP-1RA use (pooled HR 3.36).
In plain wordsIn type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was linked to a higher risk of an optic nerve eye problem (NAION) than other drugs at 1 year.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNAION risk at 1-year follow-up
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-GLP-1RAs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
pooled HR
3.36 HR
1-year follow-up
Source sentences
Summary
Patients with T2DM using semaglutide compared to non-GLP-1RAs showed an increased risk of NAION at 1-year follow-up with a pooled HR of 3.36 (95% CI: 1.44-7.84; p 2 = 97%).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twelve studies were included; eight retrospective cohorts (14,255,247 participants) were meta-analyzed, with a mean age of 59.3 ± 15.9 years and 32.7% males.
Report a problemFND-4220135501
02HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide use was associated with a higher risk of NAION at 2 years than non-GLP-1RA use (pooled HR 2.37).
In plain wordsIn type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was linked to a higher risk of an optic nerve eye problem (NAION) than other drugs at 2 years.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNAION risk at 2-year follow-up
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-GLP-1RAs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
pooled HR
2.37 HR
2-year follow-up
Source sentences
Summary
At 2-year follow-up, the pooled HR was 2.37 (95% CI: 1.46-3.85; p < 0.001; I² = 0%).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with T2DM using semaglutide compared to non-GLP-1RAs showed an increased risk of NAION at 1-year follow-up with a pooled HR of 3.36 (95% CI: 1.44-7.84; p 2 = 97%).
Summary · context
Twelve studies were included; eight retrospective cohorts (14,255,247 participants) were meta-analyzed, with a mean age of 59.3 ± 15.9 years and 32.7% males.
Report a problemFND-4220135502
03HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, after the sensitivity analysis, semaglutide use was associated with a higher risk of NAION at 3 years (pooled HR 2.37).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide use stayed linked to a higher risk of an optic nerve eye problem (NAION) at 3 years.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNAION risk at 3-year follow-up (after sensitivity analysis)
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-GLP-1RAs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
pooled HR
2.37 HR
3-year follow-up
Source sentences
Summary
The 3-year risk after the sensitivity analysis showed a pooled HR of 2.37 (95% CI: 1.45-3.87, p < 0.001; I² = 28%)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Patients with T2DM using semaglutide compared to non-GLP-1RAs showed an increased risk of NAION at 1-year follow-up with a pooled HR of 3.36 (95% CI: 1.44-7.84; p 2 = 97%).
Summary · context
Twelve studies were included; eight retrospective cohorts (14,255,247 participants) were meta-analyzed, with a mean age of 59.3 ± 15.9 years and 32.7% males.
Report a problemFND-4220135503
04HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, the 5-year pooled HR for NAION with semaglutide was 2.37 (95% CI 0.62-3.92), which the abstract reports as p < 0.001 and as still significant.
In plain wordsIn type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was reported as still linked to a higher risk of an optic nerve eye problem (NAION) at 5 years.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNAION risk at 5-year follow-up
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-GLP-1RAs
Outcome group
Adverse events · Eye
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
pooled HR
2.37 HR
5-year follow-up
Source sentences
Summary
and the 5-year pooled HR was 2.37 (95% CI: 0.62-3.92; p < 0.001; I² = 0%).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This meta-analysis indicates a significant association between semaglutide use and NAION in patients with T2DM compared to non-GLP-1RAs, with this association remaining significant even after 5-years of semaglutide use.
Summary · context
Twelve studies were included; eight retrospective cohorts (14,255,247 participants) were meta-analyzed, with a mean age of 59.3 ± 15.9 years and 32.7% males.
Report a problemFND-4220135504

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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