Effect of oral semaglutide on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Seighali N, Gholami-Chahkand MS, Ebrahimzade M, Arashlow FT, Maroufi SP, Rahnama P, Matin MH, Khodayari Javazm A, Ebrahimi P, Nasir K, Thachil R, Sørensen TB, Hosseini K

BMC pharmacology & toxicology21 May 2026

PMID42163419PMCIDPMC13371186DOI10.1186/s40360-026-01149-5PepBankPUB-42163419

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. 11 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced body weight versus placebo by 2.85 kg over 6 months in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide lowered body weight more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD body weight
−2.85 kg
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
body weight (ETD - 2.85 kg; 95% CI [- 4.03 to - 1.66]; p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341901
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced BMI versus placebo by 0.66 kg/m² in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide lowered body mass index more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBMI
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD BMI
−0.66 kg/m²
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
BMI (ETD - 0.66 kg/m²; 95% CI [- 0.95 to - 0.36]; p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341902
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced waist circumference versus placebo by 1.79 cm in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide reduced waist size more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD waist circumference
−1.79 cm
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
waist circumference (ETD - 1.79 cm; 95% CI [- 2.63 to - 0.95]; p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341903
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced HbA1c versus placebo by 0.94% in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide lowered HbA1c more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD HbA1c
−0.94%
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
HbA1c (ETD - 0.94%; 95% CI [- 1.13 to - 0.76]; p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341904
05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced fasting plasma glucose versus placebo by 26.91 mg/dL in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide lowered fasting blood glucose more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFasting plasma glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD fasting plasma glucose
−26.91 mg/dL
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
fasting plasma glucose (ETD - 26.91 mg/dL; 95% CI [- 33.56 to - 20.26]; p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341905
06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced systolic blood pressure versus placebo by 2.71 mmHg in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide lowered systolic blood pressure more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSystolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD systolic blood pressure
−2.71 mmHg
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
systolic blood pressure (ETD - 2.71 mmHg; 95% CI [- 3.70 to - 1.72]; p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341906
07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced diastolic blood pressure versus placebo by 0.77 mmHg in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide lowered diastolic blood pressure more than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseDiastolic blood pressure
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oral · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
ETD diastolic blood pressure
−0.77 mmHg
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
diastolic blood pressure (ETD - 0.77 mmHg; 95% CI [- 1.38 to - 0.17]; p = 0.01)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341907
08HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide increased gastrointestinal adverse events versus placebo (OR 2.69) in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide caused more stomach and bowel side effects than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseGastrointestinal adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
OR gastrointestinal issues
2.69 OR
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
Gastrointestinal symptoms remained the most common adverse events (OR for GI issues = 2.69
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341908
09HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide increased nausea versus placebo (OR 3.13) in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide caused more nausea than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNausea
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
OR nausea
3.13 OR
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
nausea = 3.13; vomiting = 6.25; all p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341909
10HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide increased vomiting versus placebo (OR 6.25) in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide caused more vomiting than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseVomiting
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
OR vomiting
6.25 OR
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
vomiting = 6.25; all p < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341910
11HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes, oral semaglutide showed a protective effect on cardiovascular events versus placebo (OR 0.64) in a pooled analysis of RCTs.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese adults, oral semaglutide was linked to fewer cardiovascular events than placebo in pooled trials.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCardiovascular events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
OR cardiovascular events
0.64 OR
vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide also showed a protective effect on cardiovascular events (OR = 0.64; p = 0.006).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral semaglutide, compared with placebo, on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with or without diabetes.
Summary · context
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) with overweight and obese populations, with or without diabetes, were included.
Report a problemFND-4216341911

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Effect of oral semaglutide on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Summary

Results from this study11

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords