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Study · Other design · 2026

6 results

Insights from changes in NDEV biomarkers of metabolism: effects of PPARγ and GLP1 receptor agonists on brain metabolism.

Evers A, Watson K, Abbasi F, Haque K, Verma A, Eitan E, Rasgon N

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Sept 2026

PMID41992726 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/clinem/dgag176 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41992726
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanOther designMechanism

    In middle-aged participants at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease, liraglutide increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease, liraglutide increased a brain-cell-vesicle Akt marker more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseNDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Participants who received liraglutide demonstrated significantly increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448; P = .04 and P = .025, respectively) compared with placebo, with 40% and 30% of participants in the liraglutide group showing biomarker response in both Akt (Ser47…
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We analyzed biological samples from two cohorts of clinical trial participants: (1) participants with unremitted depression after six months of treatment as usual who received pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, N = 12) or placebo and (2) middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD who received liraglu…
    Summary · context
    These cohorts, which previously showed treatment-related improvements in peripheral IR, were used to assess the effects of pioglitazone and liraglutide on CNS insulin signaling using neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as biomarkers.
    Summary · context
    We utilized biological samples to measure biomarkers of IR in NDEVs.
    Summary · context
    Eleven Akt-mTOR pathway proteins were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.
  2. 02HumanOther designMechanism

    In middle-aged participants at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease, liraglutide increased NDEV-associated mTOR (Ser2448) compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease, liraglutide increased a brain-cell-vesicle mTOR marker more than placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseNDEV-associated mTOR (Ser2448)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Participants who received liraglutide demonstrated significantly increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448; P = .04 and P = .025, respectively) compared with placebo, with 40% and 30% of participants in the liraglutide group showing biomarker response in both Akt (Ser47…
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We analyzed biological samples from two cohorts of clinical trial participants: (1) participants with unremitted depression after six months of treatment as usual who received pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, N = 12) or placebo and (2) middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD who received liraglu…
    Summary · context
    These cohorts, which previously showed treatment-related improvements in peripheral IR, were used to assess the effects of pioglitazone and liraglutide on CNS insulin signaling using neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as biomarkers.
    Summary · context
    We utilized biological samples to measure biomarkers of IR in NDEVs.
    Summary · context
    Eleven Akt-mTOR pathway proteins were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.
  3. 03HumanOther designMechanism

    In middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD receiving liraglutide, 40% showed an Akt (Ser473) biomarker response.

    In plain wordsIn middle-aged people at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease receiving liraglutide, 40% had an Akt biomarker response.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableAkt (Ser473) biomarker response
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Akt biomarker response
    40%
    liraglutide group

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Participants who received liraglutide demonstrated significantly increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448; P = .04 and P = .025, respectively) compared with placebo, with 40% and 30% of participants in the liraglutide group showing biomarker response in both Akt (Ser47…
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We analyzed biological samples from two cohorts of clinical trial participants: (1) participants with unremitted depression after six months of treatment as usual who received pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, N = 12) or placebo and (2) middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD who received liraglu…
    Summary · context
    These cohorts, which previously showed treatment-related improvements in peripheral IR, were used to assess the effects of pioglitazone and liraglutide on CNS insulin signaling using neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as biomarkers.
    Summary · context
    We utilized biological samples to measure biomarkers of IR in NDEVs.
    Summary · context
    Eleven Akt-mTOR pathway proteins were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.
  4. 04HumanOther designMechanism

    In middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD receiving liraglutide, 30% showed an mTOR (Ser2448) biomarker response.

    In plain wordsIn middle-aged people at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease receiving liraglutide, 30% had an mTOR biomarker response.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicablemTOR (Ser2448) biomarker response
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    mTOR biomarker response
    30%
    liraglutide group

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Participants who received liraglutide demonstrated significantly increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448; P = .04 and P = .025, respectively) compared with placebo, with 40% and 30% of participants in the liraglutide group showing biomarker response in both Akt (Ser47…
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We analyzed biological samples from two cohorts of clinical trial participants: (1) participants with unremitted depression after six months of treatment as usual who received pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, N = 12) or placebo and (2) middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD who received liraglu…
    Summary · context
    These cohorts, which previously showed treatment-related improvements in peripheral IR, were used to assess the effects of pioglitazone and liraglutide on CNS insulin signaling using neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as biomarkers.
    Summary · context
    We utilized biological samples to measure biomarkers of IR in NDEVs.
    Summary · context
    Eleven Akt-mTOR pathway proteins were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designMechanism

    Across the two clinical-trial cohorts, the biomarker effects appeared relatively independent from changes in fasting plasma insulin.

    In plain wordsAcross two clinical-trial cohorts, the biomarker effects appeared relatively independent of fasting-insulin changes.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedIndependence from fasting plasma insulin changes
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These effects appeared relatively independent from changes in fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentration at 120-minutes during the oral glucose tolerance test.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We analyzed biological samples from two cohorts of clinical trial participants: (1) participants with unremitted depression after six months of treatment as usual who received pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, N = 12) or placebo and (2) middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD who received liraglu…
    Summary · context
    These cohorts, which previously showed treatment-related improvements in peripheral IR, were used to assess the effects of pioglitazone and liraglutide on CNS insulin signaling using neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as biomarkers.
    Summary · context
    Eleven Akt-mTOR pathway proteins were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.
    Summary · context
    Participants who received liraglutide demonstrated significantly increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448; P = .04 and P = .025, respectively) compared with placebo, with 40% and 30% of participants in the liraglutide group showing biomarker response in both Akt (Ser47…

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneOther designMechanism

    Across the two clinical-trial cohorts, the biomarker effects appeared relatively independent from 120-minute oral glucose tolerance test glucose changes.

    In plain wordsAcross two clinical-trial cohorts, the biomarker effects appeared relatively independent of 120-minute glucose-test changes.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedIndependence from 120-minute oral glucose tolerance test glucose changes
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These effects appeared relatively independent from changes in fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentration at 120-minutes during the oral glucose tolerance test.
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We analyzed biological samples from two cohorts of clinical trial participants: (1) participants with unremitted depression after six months of treatment as usual who received pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist, N = 12) or placebo and (2) middle-aged participants at genetic risk for AD who received liraglu…
    Summary · context
    These cohorts, which previously showed treatment-related improvements in peripheral IR, were used to assess the effects of pioglitazone and liraglutide on CNS insulin signaling using neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as biomarkers.
    Summary · context
    Eleven Akt-mTOR pathway proteins were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.
    Summary · context
    Participants who received liraglutide demonstrated significantly increased NDEV-associated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2448; P = .04 and P = .025, respectively) compared with placebo, with 40% and 30% of participants in the liraglutide group showing biomarker response in both Akt (Ser47…

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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