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Study · Observational study · n = 1,020 · 2026

7 results

Real-world glycemic control, exploratory cardiorenal indicators, and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide versus semaglutide in type 2 diabetes patients: a Chinese two-center retrospective cohort study.

Yu Z, Fu D, Xu J, Lin C, Yin G, Cai, Jiang H, Ling K, Chen J, Zhuo Y

Frontiers in endocrinology24 Mar 2026

PMID41953701 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC13053266 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3389/fendo.2026.1756581 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41953701
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Summary

ObjectiveTo compare the real-world efficacy and safety of high dose once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) and subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide in patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort China two-center study. Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 24 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in HbA1c, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Records of adverse drug reactions were collected and extracted from the institutional medical record system.ResultsA total of 510 matched patient pairs demonstrated balanced baseline characteristics. No statistically significant between-group difference was observed in HbA1c changes from baseline across all follow-up assessments (p > 0.05). At month 24, HbA1c was reduced by least-squares mean 2.02% with PEG-Loxe and 2.23% with s.c. semaglutide (estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.21%, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.10, p = 0.260). Semaglutide was consistently and significantly superior to PEG-Loxe in improving BW (ETD at 24 months: -3.55 kg, 95% CI: -5.22, -1.88, p < 0.001), BMI (ETD -0.82 kg/m2, 95%CI: -1.33, -0.32, p = 0.001), LDL-C (ETD -0.51 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.34, p < 0.001), SBP (ETD -2.08 mmHg, 95% CI: -9.33, -0.11, p < 0.001), eGFR [ETD 0.75 mL/(min·1.73m2), 95% CI: -2.53, 4.039, p < 0.001]. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common safety concern, occurring more frequently in the semaglutide group during the first 3 months (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn real-world clinical practice, at the same high dose, PEG-Loxe provided equivalent glycemic control to s.c. semaglutide with a potential lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Conversely, semaglutide offered more substantial improvement of cardiorenal parameters. These findings highlight the clinical utility of both agents in personalized T2DM management.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study7

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. 7 results from people.

  1. 01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide and PEG-Loxe did not differ significantly in HbA1c reduction at month 24.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide lowered HbA1c about as much as PEG-Loxe at 24 months, with no significant difference.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeHbA1c change at 24 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 24 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    2.23%
    semaglutide, month 24
    HbA1c reduction
    2.02%
    PEG-Loxe, month 24
    Estimated treatment difference
    −0.21%
    month 24

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At month 24, HbA1c was reduced by least-squares mean 2.02% with PEG-Loxe and 2.23% with s.c. semaglutide (estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.21%, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.10, p = 0.260).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    No statistically significant between-group difference was observed in HbA1c changes from baseline across all follow-up assessments (p > 0.05).
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.
  2. 02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide reduced body weight significantly more than PEG-Loxe at 24 months.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide cut body weight more than PEG-Loxe at 24 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight at 24 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 24 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Estimated treatment difference, body weight
    −3.55 kg
    24 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Semaglutide was consistently and significantly superior to PEG-Loxe in improving BW (ETD at 24 months: -3.55 kg, 95% CI: -5.22, -1.88, p < 0.001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.
  3. 03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide reduced BMI significantly more than PEG-Loxe.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide lowered BMI more than PEG-Loxe.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBMI at 24 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 24 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Estimated treatment difference, BMI
    −0.82 kg/m2
    24 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BMI (ETD -0.82 kg/m2, 95%CI: -1.33, -0.32, p = 0.001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.
  4. 04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide lowered LDL-C significantly more than PEG-Loxe.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide lowered LDL cholesterol more than PEG-Loxe.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseLDL-C at 24 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 24 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Estimated treatment difference, LDL-C
    −0.51 mmol/L
    24 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    LDL-C (ETD -0.51 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.34, p < 0.001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.
  5. 05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide lowered systolic blood pressure significantly more than PEG-Loxe.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide lowered systolic blood pressure more than PEG-Loxe.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseSystolic blood pressure at 24 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 24 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Estimated treatment difference, SBP
    −2.08 mmHg
    24 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SBP (ETD -2.08 mmHg, 95% CI: -9.33, -0.11, p < 0.001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.
  6. 06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, the eGFR estimated treatment difference favoured subcutaneous semaglutide over PEG-Loxe (p < 0.001, with a wide confidence interval).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, kidney filtration (eGFR) was reported to favour semaglutide over PEG-Loxe, but the reported numbers disagree.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseeGFR at 24 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 24 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Estimated treatment difference, eGFR
    0.75 mL/(min·1.73m2)
    24 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    eGFR [ETD 0.75 mL/(min·1.73m2), 95% CI: -2.53, 4.039, p < 0.001]
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.
  7. 07HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal symptoms occurred more frequently with subcutaneous semaglutide than with PEG-Loxe during the first 3 months.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, stomach and bowel symptoms were more common with semaglutide than with PEG-Loxe in the first 3 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal symptoms in first 3 months
    Study

    n = 1,020

    Comparator
    Polyethylene glycol loxenatide 200 µg
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    1.0 mg · subcutaneous · 3 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common safety concern, occurring more frequently in the semaglutide group during the first 3 months (p < 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Patients newly initiated on once-weekly PEG-Loxe 200 μg or s.c. semaglutide 1.0 mg between January 2021 and October 2022 were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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