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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2026

12 results

Semaglutide Plus Low-Dose Metformin Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Obesity and Prediabetes in a Woman with Partial Deletion of the X Chromosome Long Arm.

Marzolla V, Gorini S, Caprio M, Infante M

Reports (MDPI)28 Feb 2026

PMID41893436 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC13030616 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/reports9010075 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41893436
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Summary

Background and Clinical Significance: Over the last two decades, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have dramatically improved the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Currently, little is known about the use of semaglutide (a second-generation GLP-1 receptor agonist) in patients with X chromosome abnormalities. Herein, we describe the therapeutic use of semaglutide in a woman with a partial deletion of the X chromosome long arm (partial Xq deletion) and comorbid obesity. We also conducted a narrative mini-review on overweight, obesity and common metabolic derangements in patients with partial Xq deletions and Turner syndrome. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old Italian woman with a partial Xq deletion, class 1 obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was referred to our Institution for persistent difficulty in managing excess body weight despite regular adherence to different structured physical activity programs and hypocaloric diets. Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention). At 5 months after initiation of the combination therapy, blood tests showed metabolic improvements, including improvement of prediabetes (0.3-percentage-point reduction in glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] values) and normalization of markers of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (QUICKI, HOMA-IR and TyG index). At 8 months, the patient showed substantial weight loss, which amounted to 13.8 kg (percent total body weight loss: 20.95%), and was accompanied by a notable reduction in waist circumference (-14.1 cm). Moreover, body mass index (BMI)-based weight status improved from class 1 obesity to overweight: BMI value of 25.1 kg/m2 at 8 months vs. 31.8 kg/m2 at baseline (near-normalization of BMI values). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) revealed that the patient's overall weight loss consisted of 74.6% fat mass (FM) loss (-10.3 kg) and 25.4% fat-free mass (FFM) loss (-3.5 kg). Despite the expected FFM reduction in absolute terms, percent FFM increased at 8 months (+9.6%). This increase in percent FFM was accompanied by a reduction in percent FM at 8 months (-9.6%), indicating an overall improvement in body composition. Normalization of percent FM and FFM values (28.6% and 71.4%, respectively) was also achieved at 8 months. These body composition changes are in line with those observed in clinical trials investigating the use of semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity. At 6 months, an abdominal ultrasound also showed the disappearance of the sonographic characteristics suggestive of mild-to-moderate hepatic steatosis. Low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and subcutaneous semaglutide (up to a weekly dose of 1.7 mg) were well tolerated by the patient. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case documenting the effective use of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide plus low-dose metformin combination therapy for the treatment of obesity and prediabetes in a woman with a partial Xq deletion. Large prospective cohort studies are warranted to better investigate the safety and efficacy profile of semaglutide (alone or in combination with metformin) in patients with numerical and structural X chromosome abnormalities, comorbid overweight/obesity and related metabolic disorders.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion, obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide plus low-dose metformin was followed by a 0.3-percentage-point reduction in HbA1c at 5 months.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity and prediabetes, semaglutide taken with metformin was followed by a small HbA1c fall at 5 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    HbA1c change
    −0.3 percentage points
    5 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At 5 months after initiation of the combination therapy, blood tests showed metabolic improvements, including improvement of prediabetes (0.3-percentage-point reduction in glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] values)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, semaglutide plus low-dose metformin was followed by normalization of QUICKI, HOMA-IR and TyG index at 5 months.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, semaglutide taken with metformin was followed by normal insulin sensitivity markers at 5 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableInsulin sensitivity and resistance markers
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and normalization of markers of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (QUICKI, HOMA-IR and TyG index)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, semaglutide plus low-dose metformin was followed by a weight loss of 13.8 kg (20.95% of total body weight) at 8 months.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, semaglutide taken with metformin was followed by a weight loss of 13.8 kg at 8 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss at 8 months
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Weight loss
    13.8 kg
    8 months
    Total body weight loss
    20.95%
    8 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At 8 months, the patient showed substantial weight loss, which amounted to 13.8 kg (percent total body weight loss: 20.95%)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  4. 04HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, semaglutide plus low-dose metformin was followed by a 14.1 cm reduction in waist circumference at 8 months.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, semaglutide taken with metformin was followed by a smaller waist at 8 months.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWaist circumference
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Waist circumference change
    −14.1 cm
    8 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    accompanied by a notable reduction in waist circumference (-14.1 cm)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, BMI fell from 31.8 to 25.1 kg/m2 at 8 months after semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, BMI fell from the obesity range to the overweight range after semaglutide taken with metformin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody mass index
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    BMI at 8 months
    25.1 kg/m2
    8 months
    BMI at baseline
    31.8 kg/m2
    baseline

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, body mass index (BMI)-based weight status improved from class 1 obesity to overweight: BMI value of 25.1 kg/m2 at 8 months vs. 31.8 kg/m2 at baseline (near-normalization of BMI values).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  6. 06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, fat mass accounted for 74.6% of the weight lost (-10.3 kg) with semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, most of the weight lost with semaglutide and metformin was fat.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFat mass loss
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Fat mass share of weight loss
    74.6%
    BIA
    Fat mass change
    −10.3 kg
    BIA

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) revealed that the patient's overall weight loss consisted of 74.6% fat mass (FM) loss (-10.3 kg)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  7. 07HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, fat-free mass accounted for 25.4% of the weight lost (-3.5 kg) with semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, a smaller part of the weight lost with semaglutide and metformin was fat-free mass.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFat-free mass loss
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Fat-free mass share of weight loss
    25.4%
    BIA
    Fat-free mass change
    −3.5 kg
    BIA

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and 25.4% fat-free mass (FFM) loss (-3.5 kg)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  8. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, percent fat-free mass increased by 9.6% at 8 months with semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, the share of fat-free mass in her body rose at 8 months on semaglutide and metformin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreasePercent fat-free mass
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Percent FFM change
    9.6%
    8 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Despite the expected FFM reduction in absolute terms, percent FFM increased at 8 months (+9.6%).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  9. 09HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, percent fat mass fell by 9.6% at 8 months with semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, the share of fat in her body fell at 8 months on semaglutide and metformin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePercent fat mass
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Percent FM change
    −9.6%
    8 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduction in percent FM at 8 months (-9.6%)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  10. 10HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and MASLD, abdominal ultrasound at 6 months showed disappearance of sonographic signs of mild-to-moderate hepatic steatosis after semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with fatty liver disease, ultrasound at 6 months no longer showed signs of fatty liver after semaglutide and metformin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic steatosis on ultrasound
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At 6 months, an abdominal ultrasound also showed the disappearance of the sonographic characteristics suggestive of mild-to-moderate hepatic steatosis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  11. 11HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesSafety outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, low-dose metformin and subcutaneous semaglutide were well tolerated.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, semaglutide and metformin taken together were well tolerated.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableTolerability
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and subcutaneous semaglutide (up to a weekly dose of 1.7 mg) were well tolerated by the patient.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, we prescribed a combination therapy based on low-dose metformin (500 mg/day) and once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention).

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  12. 12HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome

    In a woman with partial Xq deletion and obesity, percent fat mass and percent fat-free mass were 28.6% and 71.4% at 8 months after semaglutide plus low-dose metformin.

    In plain wordsIn one woman with obesity, her body fat and fat-free shares were 28.6% and 71.4% at 8 months on semaglutide and metformin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicablePercent fat mass and fat-free mass at 8 months
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Measurements

    Percent fat mass at 8 months
    28.6%
    8 months
    Percent fat-free mass at 8 months
    71.4%
    8 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Normalization of percent FM and FFM values (28.6% and 71.4%, respectively) was also achieved at 8 months.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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