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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2026

13 results

Mechanisms of Anti-Oxidants, N-Acetylcysteine and Elamipretide (SS-31), on Ozone-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Mucus Hypersecretion.

Xie M, Weng J, Li C, Liu Q, Feng Y, Zhang H, Chang Q, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Li F, Fan X

Lung9 Mar 2026

PMID41801306 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00408-026-00875-1 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41801306
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study13

13 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, comparably to N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced airway over-reactivity, to a similar degree as N-acetylcysteine.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAirway hyperresponsiveness
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NAC and SS-31 comparably attenuated O₃-induced AHR
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced inflammatory cell influx into bronchoalveolar lavage, comparably to N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs, similar to N-acetylcysteine.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBAL inflammatory cell influx
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced BAL inflammatory cell influx
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 decreased airway mucus hypersecretion, comparably to N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced excess airway mucus, to a similar degree as N-acetylcysteine.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAirway mucus hypersecretion
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    decreased AMH and MUC5B expression.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 decreased MUC5B expression, comparably to N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 lowered MUC5B, a mucus gene, to a similar degree as N-acetylcysteine.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMUC5B expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    decreased AMH and MUC5B expression.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced ROS and mitochondrial ROS, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 lowered reactive oxygen molecules, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseROS and mtROS
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both treatments improved redox balance by reducing ROS/mtROS, lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and improving GSH/GSSG.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 lowered malondialdehyde, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 lowered a marker of oxidative damage, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMalondialdehyde (MDA)
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both treatments improved redox balance by reducing ROS/mtROS, lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and improving GSH/GSSG.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 increased superoxide dismutase activity, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 raised the activity of an antioxidant enzyme, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSuperoxide dismutase activity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both treatments improved redox balance by reducing ROS/mtROS, lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and improving GSH/GSSG.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 improved the GSH/GSSG ratio, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 improved a measure of antioxidant balance, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseGSH/GSSG ratio
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both treatments improved redox balance by reducing ROS/mtROS, lowering malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and improving GSH/GSSG.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 suppressed inflammatory gene expression, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced activity of inflammation genes, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseInflammatory gene expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NAC and SS-31 also suppressed O₃-induced inflammatory gene expression
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in lungs, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced activity of the PI3K/AKT signal in the lungs, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreasePI3K/AKT activation in mouse lungs
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in mouse lungs and BEAS-2B cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 inhibited activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in lungs, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn mice exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced activity of an inflammation-linked cell death pathway in the lungs, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD activation in mouse lungs
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6J mice with ozone-induced airway injury
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in mouse lungs and BEAS-2B cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  12. 12LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In BEAS-2B cells exposed to ozone, SS‑31 inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn human airway cells exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced activity of the PI3K/AKT signal, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreasePI3K/AKT activation in BEAS-2B cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    BEAS-2B cells exposed to ozone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in mouse lungs and BEAS-2B cells.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with NAC, SS-31, or the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 before O₃ exposure, and pathway activation was evaluate d in vitro.
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.
  13. 13LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In BEAS-2B cells exposed to ozone, SS‑31 inhibited activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling, as did N-acetylcysteine.

    In plain wordsIn human airway cells exposed to ozone, SS‑31 reduced activity of an inflammation-linked cell death pathway, as N-acetylcysteine also did.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD activation in BEAS-2B cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    BEAS-2B cells exposed to ozone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling in mouse lungs and BEAS-2B cells.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with NAC, SS-31, or the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 before O₃ exposure, and pathway activation was evaluate d in vitro.
    Summary · context
    Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal NAC or SS-31 1 h before a single O₃ exposure.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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