Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates hyperandrogenism in a polycystic ovary syndrome-like rat model by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated granulosa-cell pyroptosis.

Zhang Y, Huang K, Nong W, Guo Z, Xie Q, Lei X, Zhang S, Li M, Zhang J

Journal of ovarian research26 Feb 2026

PMID41742258PMCIDPMC13040688DOI10.1186/s13048-026-01996-0PepBankPUB-41742258

Read at source PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study13

13 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In PCOS-like rats, NMN significantly reduced body weight compared with the PCOS model group.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced body weight compared with the untreated model group.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight
Study
ratn: not reported in source
letrozole and high-fat-diet PCOS-like model
Comparator
PCOS model
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN administration significantly reduced body weight and serum testosterone levels in PCOS rats and restored regular estrous cyclicity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225801
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In PCOS-like rats, NMN significantly reduced serum testosterone compared with the PCOS model group.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced testosterone compared with the untreated model group.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseSerum testosterone
Study
ratn: not reported in source
letrozole and high-fat-diet PCOS-like model
Comparator
PCOS model
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN administration significantly reduced body weight and serum testosterone levels in PCOS rats and restored regular estrous cyclicity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225802
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In PCOS-like rats, NMN restored regular estrous cyclicity compared with the PCOS model group.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN restored regular reproductive cycles compared with the untreated model group.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
MixedEstrous cyclicity
Study
ratn: not reported in source
letrozole and high-fat-diet PCOS-like model
Comparator
PCOS model
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN administration significantly reduced body weight and serum testosterone levels in PCOS rats and restored regular estrous cyclicity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225803
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In PCOS-like rats, NMN suppressed ovarian NLRP3 expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced ovarian NLRP3 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseNLRP3 expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
ovarian tissue from PCOS-like rats
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225804
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In PCOS-like rats, NMN suppressed ovarian Caspase-1 expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced ovarian Caspase-1 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseCaspase-1 expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
ovarian tissue from PCOS-like rats
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225805
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In PCOS-like rats, NMN suppressed ovarian GSDMD expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced ovarian GSDMD expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseGSDMD expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
ovarian tissue from PCOS-like rats
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225806
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In PCOS-like rats, NMN suppressed ovarian IL-1β expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced ovarian IL-1β expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-1β expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
ovarian tissue from PCOS-like rats
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225807
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In PCOS-like rats, NMN suppressed ovarian IL-18 expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with a PCOS-like condition, NMN reduced ovarian IL-18 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-18 expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
ovarian tissue from PCOS-like rats
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Summary · context
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, PCOS model, and PCOS model treated with NMN. PCOS was induced via continuous letrozole administration combined with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Subsequently, the NMN-treated group received NMN supplementation for an additional 30 days.
Report a problemFND-4174225808
09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells, NMN suppressed NLRP3 expression.
In plain wordsIn cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, NMN reduced NLRP3 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseNLRP3 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Report a problemFND-4174225809
10LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells, NMN suppressed Caspase-1 expression.
In plain wordsIn cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, NMN reduced Caspase-1 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseCaspase-1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Report a problemFND-4174225810
11LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells, NMN suppressed GSDMD expression.
In plain wordsIn cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, NMN reduced GSDMD expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseGSDMD expression
Study
n: not reported in source
inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Report a problemFND-4174225811
12LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells, NMN suppressed IL-1β expression.
In plain wordsIn cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, NMN reduced IL-1β expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-1β expression
Study
n: not reported in source
inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Report a problemFND-4174225812
13LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells, NMN suppressed IL-18 expression.
In plain wordsIn cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines, NMN reduced IL-18 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseIL-18 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
NMN treatment effectively suppressed these pyroptosis markers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Further investigation demonstrated upregulated expression of pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18) in ovarian tissue from PCOS rats and in inflammatory cytokine-exposed granulosa cells.
Report a problemFND-4174225813

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords

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