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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2026

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Secretome of Control and BRAF/MEK Inhibitor-Resistant Melanoma Cells.

Simiczyjew A, Surman M, Kot M, Przybyło ME, Nowak D

Journal of proteome research25 Feb 2026Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

Summary

Treatment based on BRAF/MEK kinase inhibitors is one of the most commonly used methods in advanced melanoma therapy, but patients often develop resistance to treatment. Treatment-resistant cells can affect other cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment through the factors that they secrete. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the protein composition of the secretome of cells resistant to vemurafenib (a BRAF inhibitor) and cobimetinib (a MEK inhibitor) and to compare it with that of nonresistant cells. Proteomic analysis, followed by gene ontology (GO) analysis, identified many differences in resistant melanoma cells' secretomes compared to controls (nonresistant). Many proteins upregulated in resistant melanoma cells compared to their nonresistant variants were directly related to cancer progression and associated with cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, matrix organization, proteolysis, and drug resistance. Proteins secreted by resistant melanoma cells can undoubtedly influence the surrounding microenvironment in a way that promotes the formation of a pro-tumor niche. Among the proteins secreted in significantly higher amounts by resistant cells (compared to the control group), which may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in melanoma, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thymosin beta-4, clusterin, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, and selected matrix metalloproteinases can be distinguished.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study1

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In BRAF/MEK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells, the secretome held significantly higher amounts of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 than in non-resistant control cells.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown melanoma cells resistant to treatment, the cells released more of their own thymosin beta‑4 than non-resistant cells.

    Outcome
    IncreaseSecreted thymosin beta-4 in resistant melanoma cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    BRAF/MEK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cell secretome
    Comparator
    Non-resistant melanoma cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Among the proteins secreted in significantly higher amounts by resistant cells (compared to the control group), which may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in melanoma, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thymosin beta-4, clusterin, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, and selected matrix metalloproteinases can be distinguished.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, this study aimed to examine the protein composition of the secretome of cells resistant to vemurafenib (a BRAF inhibitor) and cobimetinib (a MEK inhibitor) and to compare it with that of nonresistant cells.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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