Cost-effectiveness analysis of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Markov model study.

Hsu HY, Shi HY

Diabetes research and clinical practice23 Feb 2026

PMID41740927DOI10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113186PepBankPUB-41740927

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Taiwanese T2DM Markov model, oral semaglutide gained 0.33 QALYs compared with subcutaneous dulaglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, oral semaglutide provided 0.33 more quality-adjusted life years than injected dulaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
IncreaseQuality-adjusted life years
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Subcutaneous dulaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Measurements
Incremental QALYs
0.33 QALYs
oral semaglutide versus dulaglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4174092701
02Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Taiwanese T2DM Markov model, subcutaneous dulaglutide provided fewer QALYs than oral semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, injected dulaglutide provided fewer quality-adjusted life years than oral semaglutide.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseQuality-adjusted life years
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Oral semaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4174092702
03Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Taiwanese T2DM Markov model, oral semaglutide reduced costs by US$1,137 compared with subcutaneous dulaglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, oral semaglutide cost US$1,137 less than injected dulaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTreatment costs
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Subcutaneous dulaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4174092703
04Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Taiwanese T2DM Markov model, subcutaneous dulaglutide cost more than oral semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, injected dulaglutide cost more than oral semaglutide.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
IncreaseTreatment costs
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Oral semaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4174092704
05Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In a Taiwanese T2DM Markov model, oral semaglutide dominated dulaglutide with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, oral semaglutide provided better health outcomes at lower cost than dulaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableIncremental cost-utility ratio
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Subcutaneous dulaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4174092705
06Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In a Taiwanese T2DM Markov model, subcutaneous dulaglutide was economically dominated by oral semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, injected dulaglutide had worse health outcomes and higher costs than oral semaglutide.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
Not applicableEconomic dominance
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Oral semaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4174092706
07Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In the T2DM model, oral semaglutide had a 96.5% probability of cost-effectiveness versus dulaglutide across all willingness-to-pay thresholds.
In plain wordsIn a computer model of diabetes, oral semaglutide had a 96.5% probability of cost-effectiveness compared with dulaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableProbability of cost-effectiveness
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Subcutaneous dulaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Measurements
Cost-effectiveness probability
96.5%
across all WTP thresholds
Source sentences
Summary
Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness, with a 96.5% probability of cost-effectiveness across all WTP thresholds.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Oral semaglutide was dominant, yielding an incremental gain of 0.33 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and reducing costs by US$1,137 compared with dulaglutide, with an incremental cost-utility ratio of -US$3,478.66/QALYs.
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4174092707
08Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In the semaglutide versus dulaglutide T2DM model, cost differences were most sensitive to drug price, particularly without cardiovascular disease.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, drug price most affected cost differences between semaglutide and dulaglutide, especially without cardiovascular disease.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
Not applicableCost sensitivity to drug price
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Subcutaneous dulaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Cost differences were most sensitive to drug price, particularly in patients without cardiovascular disease.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.
Report a problemFND-4174092708
09Computer modelNot a test of Dulaglutide (Trulicity) aloneIn silicoOther
In the dulaglutide versus semaglutide T2DM model, cost differences were most sensitive to drug price, particularly without cardiovascular disease.
In plain wordsIn a computer model, drug price most affected cost differences between dulaglutide and semaglutide, especially without cardiovascular disease.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
Not applicableCost sensitivity to drug price
Study
n: not applicable
Markov decision-analytic model
Comparator
Oral semaglutide
Outcome group
Healthcare costs and utilization · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Cost differences were most sensitive to drug price, particularly in patients without cardiovascular disease.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous dulaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the perspective of the Taiwanese healthcare payer, considering the self-paid status of oral semaglutide and the reimbursed but injectable route of dulaglutide under…
Summary · context
A Markov decision-analytic model simulated clinical and economic outcomes over a 10-year horizon.
Summary · context
Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% annually.
In this study, Dulaglutide (Trulicity) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Dulaglutide (Trulicity).
Report a problemFND-4174092709

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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