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Study · Observational study · n = 207 · 2026

8 results

Comparative evaluation of liraglutide plus metformin combination therapy versus metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective clinical study.

Mai T

Medicine1 Feb 2026

PMID41686569 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12908829 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1097/md.0000000000047562 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41686569
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Summary

Durable glycemic control remains challenging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been proposed as a beneficial add-on therapeutic option. This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025. Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone. Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Statistical comparisons were conducted using Welch t test and Chi-square or Fisher exact test. A total of 207 patients were analyzed. Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. The proportion achieving composite glycemic targets was higher in the combination group (76.5% vs 57.9%; P = .006). Adverse event incidence and treatment discontinuation did not differ significantly between groups. Liraglutide add-on therapy provided superior glycemic improvement compared with metformin alone and demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

  1. 01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was associated with a greater glycated hemoglobin reduction than metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to a greater HbA1c reduction than metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlycated hemoglobin
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    −1.8%
    liraglutide plus metformin
    HbA1c reduction
    −1.3%
    metformin monotherapy

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  2. 02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was associated with a greater fasting plasma glucose reduction than metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to a greater fasting glucose reduction than metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting plasma glucose
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  3. 03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was associated with a greater postprandial plasma glucose reduction than metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to a greater after-meal glucose reduction than metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePostprandial plasma glucose
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  4. 04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was associated with a greater fasting insulin reduction than metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to a greater fasting insulin reduction than metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting insulin
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  5. 05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was associated with a greater reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance than metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to a greater reduction in insulin resistance than metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHomeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with metformin monotherapy, combination therapy achieved greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (-1.8 ± 0.9% vs -1.3 ± 0.8%; P < .001), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  6. 06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was associated with a higher proportion achieving composite glycemic targets than metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to more people reaching composite glycemic targets than metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseComposite glycemic target achievement
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Patients achieving composite glycemic targets
    76.5%
    liraglutide plus metformin
    Patients achieving composite glycemic targets
    57.9%
    metformin monotherapy

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The proportion achieving composite glycemic targets was higher in the combination group (76.5% vs 57.9%; P = .006).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  7. 07HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, adverse event incidence did not differ significantly between liraglutide plus metformin and metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, adverse event incidence did not differ significantly between liraglutide plus metformin and metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeAdverse event incidence
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Adverse event incidence and treatment discontinuation did not differ significantly between groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.
  8. 08HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, treatment discontinuation did not differ significantly between liraglutide plus metformin and metformin monotherapy.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, treatment discontinuation did not differ significantly between liraglutide plus metformin and metformin alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeTreatment discontinuation
    Study

    n = 207

    Comparator
    Metformin monotherapy
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Adverse event incidence and treatment discontinuation did not differ significantly between groups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This retrospective study included adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between March 2021 and March 2025.
    Summary · context
    Patients were divided into a combination group receiving liraglutide plus metformin and a control group receiving metformin alone.
    Summary · context
    Glycemic parameters and safety outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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