Synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair.

Luo Y, Jiang P, Huang D, Li H, He J, Shen R, Jiang Y, Rong L, Liu B

Bioactive materials2 Jan 2026Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID41551770PMCIDPMC12805083DOI10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.009PepBankPUB-41551770

Read at source PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

01AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with spinal cord injury, the PLCS hydrogel (lipoic acid, choline, elamipretide) achieved robust nerve regeneration.
In plain wordsIn rats with spinal cord injury, a hydrogel containing elamipretide and other ingredients gave strong nerve regrowth.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseNerve regeneration
Study
ratn: not reported in source
spinal cord injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
achieves robust nerve regeneration and significantly improves motor, sensory, and bladder functions in rat models of SCI
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177003
02AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with spinal cord injury, the PLCS hydrogel (lipoic acid, choline, elamipretide) significantly improved motor function.
In plain wordsIn rats with spinal cord injury, a hydrogel containing elamipretide and other ingredients improved movement.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseMotor function
Study
ratn: not reported in source
spinal cord injury
Outcome group
Exercise and physical function · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
significantly improves motor, sensory, and bladder functions in rat models of SCI
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177004
03AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with spinal cord injury, the PLCS hydrogel (lipoic acid, choline, elamipretide) significantly improved sensory function.
In plain wordsIn rats with spinal cord injury, a hydrogel containing elamipretide and other ingredients improved sensation.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseSensory function
Study
ratn: not reported in source
spinal cord injury
Outcome group
Sensory perception · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
significantly improves motor, sensory, and bladder functions in rat models of SCI
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177005
04AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with spinal cord injury, the PLCS hydrogel (lipoic acid, choline, elamipretide) significantly improved bladder function.
In plain wordsIn rats with spinal cord injury, a hydrogel containing elamipretide and other ingredients improved bladder function.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseBladder function
Study
ratn: not reported in source
spinal cord injury
Outcome group
Urinary continence and bladder function · Kidney and urinary
Source sentences
Summary
significantly improves motor, sensory, and bladder functions in rat models of SCI
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177006
05LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
A hydrogel made of lipoic acid, choline and elamipretide (PLCS) promoted differentiation of neural stem cells into cholinergic neurons.
In plain wordsIn cells, a hydrogel containing elamipretide, lipoic acid and choline helped neural stem cells become cholinergic neurons.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseNSC differentiation into cholinergic neurons
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
PLCS hydrogel not only promotes NSCs differentiation into cholinergic neurons
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177001
06LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
The PLCS hydrogel (lipoic acid, choline, elamipretide) increased acetyl-CoA levels and supplied choline for acetylcholine synthesis.
In plain wordsIn cells, a hydrogel containing elamipretide, lipoic acid and choline raised acetyl-CoA levels.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseAcetyl-CoA level
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
increases acetyl-CoA levels and supplies choline
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177002
07LabNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneOther designMechanism
RNA sequencing suggested that the PI3K-Akt pathway may contribute to spinal cord repair with the PLCS hydrogel.
In plain wordsRNA sequencing suggests the PI3K-Akt pathway may play a part in spinal cord repair with this hydrogel.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
Not applicablePI3K-Akt pathway involvement
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
RNA sequencing suggests the PI3K-Akt pathway may contribute to spinal cord repair.
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4155177007

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Keywords

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.