Establishing Molecular Mechanism of Carnosine Against Hypobaric Hypoxia Induced Muscle Protein Loss via In-Silico and In-Vivo Approach.

Kumar A, Suryakumar G, Rathor R

Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology1 Jan 2026

PMID41521536DOI10.1002/jbt.70690PepBankPUB-41521536

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased myostatin expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased myostatin expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMyostatin expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Carnosine administration downregulated myostatin expression levels while IGF-1 level was upregulated and this was accompanied with an increase in total protein content.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153601
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine increased IGF-1 levels compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine increased IGF-1 levels compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseIGF-1 level
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Carnosine administration downregulated myostatin expression levels while IGF-1 level was upregulated and this was accompanied with an increase in total protein content.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153602
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine increased total protein content compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine increased total protein content compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseTotal protein content
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Carnosine administration downregulated myostatin expression levels while IGF-1 level was upregulated and this was accompanied with an increase in total protein content.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153603
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased FOXO expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased FOXO expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseFOXO expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The expression levels of FOXO, MAFbx, MuRF1, markers of muscle atrophy were also declined on carnosine supplementation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153604
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased MAFbx expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased MAFbx expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMAFbx expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The expression levels of FOXO, MAFbx, MuRF1, markers of muscle atrophy were also declined on carnosine supplementation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153605
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased MuRF1 expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine decreased MuRF1 expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMuRF1 expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The expression levels of FOXO, MAFbx, MuRF1, markers of muscle atrophy were also declined on carnosine supplementation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153606
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine increased myoG expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine increased myoG expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreasemyoG expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Further, myogenesis markers, myoG, and mTOR were found increased in carnosine supplemented rats.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153607
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In hypoxic rats, carnosine increased mTOR expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
In plain wordsIn hypoxic rats, carnosine increased mTOR expression compared with hypoxia without carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreasemTOR expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Comparator
Hypobaric hypoxia without carnosine
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Further, myogenesis markers, myoG, and mTOR were found increased in carnosine supplemented rats.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153608
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, carnosine managed excessive ROS production, protein oxidation, and damage.
In plain wordsIn rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia, carnosine managed excessive ROS production, protein oxidation, and damage.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Direction not reportedROS production, protein oxidation, and damage
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Hypobaric hypoxia
Outcome group
Muscle injury and repair · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
50 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Along with these activities, carnosine also managed excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein oxidation and damage.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study investigated the beneficial efficacy of carnosine in amelioration of muscle protein loss during chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in rats.
Summary · context
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Control (unexposed rats), HH (07d hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats), HH + CAR (Carnosine supplement rats with 07d hypobaric hypoxia exposure 50 mg/kg supplemented).
Report a problemFND-4152153609

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking L-carnosine.

10Computer modelNot a test of L-carnosine aloneIn silicoMechanism
Molecular docking supported potential carnosine binding to IGFBP.
In plain wordsComputer models supported potential carnosine binding to IGFBP.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Not applicableIGFBP binding
Study
n: not reported in source
Molecular docking
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Ergo, molecular docking study supported the fact that carnosine has the ability to bind with IGFBP and myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle atrophy.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4152153610
11Computer modelNot a test of L-carnosine aloneIn silicoMechanism
Molecular docking supported potential carnosine binding to myostatin.
In plain wordsComputer models supported potential carnosine binding to myostatin.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Not applicableMyostatin binding
Study
n: not reported in source
Molecular docking
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Ergo, molecular docking study supported the fact that carnosine has the ability to bind with IGFBP and myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle atrophy.
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4152153611

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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