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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2025

1 result

Redox-sensitive miRNAs and Humanin could mediate effects of exercise and astaxanthin on oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes.

Basereh A, Khoramipour K, Hosseini N, HajHosseini M, Khodabakhshi A, Amirkhosravi L, Khoramipour K

Scientific reports17 Nov 2025Cited by 2 (Europe PMC)

PMID41249265 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12623493 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/s41598-025-23914-y (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41249265
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Summary

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is driven by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation (IF), accelerating disease progression. This study examined whether combined aerobic and resistance training (CT) and astaxanthin (AST) supplementation synergistically improve oxidant and inflammatory status as well as metabolic indices in T2DM, focusing on the mediatory role of Humanin (HN) and microRNAs (miRNA-122, miRNA-126-3p, and miRNA-146a). Ninety women with T2DM were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 15 each): control (C), placebo (P), AST supplementation (S), combined training (CT), CT + placebo (CT + P), and CT + AST supplementation (CT + S). CT, CT + P and CT + S groups underwent an 8-week training program (eight exercises, three sessions per week). Groups and CT + S groups received 8 mg/day of AST. OS markers, inflammatory cytokines, HN levels, miRNAs expression, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were assessed. Both CT and AST enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced IF, with CT + S showing the best effects. HN levels increased significantly in CT and CT + S (p < 0.05). MiRNA-126-3p and miRNA-146a were upregulated, while miRNA-122 was downregulated in CT + S compared to other groups. Lipid profile improved with both interventions, with CT + S yielding the highest increases in HDL and triglycerides. FBG, IR, and HbA1c improved significantly in CT groups but remained unchanged with S group. The metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits of CT and AST in T2DM may mediated by the effects of HN on mitochondrial function and insulin signaling, together with miRNA-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism, endothelial health, and innate immunity. Targeting these molecular pathways may improve therapeutic strategies for diabetes management.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study1

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelRandomized controlled trialOther

    In women with type 2 diabetes, Humanin levels increased significantly in the combined training group and the combined training plus astaxanthin group (p < 0.05).

    In plain wordsIn women with type 2 diabetes, exercise training raised the body's own Humanin levels.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    IncreaseHumanin levels after training and astaxanthin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Aging markers · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    HN levels increased significantly in CT and CT + S (p < 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Ninety women with T2DM were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 15 each): control (C), placebo (P), AST supplementation (S), combined training (CT), CT + placebo (CT + P), and CT + AST supplementation (CT + S).

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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