The efficacy and safety of dual GIP/GLP1 receptor agonists (tirzepatide) in diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Hoffmann K, Michalak M, Rizzo M, Maggio V, Paczkowska A

Expert opinion on drug safety11 Nov 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID41200927DOI10.1080/14740338.2025.2586703PepBankPUB-41200927

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, tirzepatide 15 mg reduced weight by 14.5 kg versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes or obesity, tirzepatide 15 mg reduced weight more than insulin did.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight change versus insulin, 15 mg
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
15 mgAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
mean difference
−14.5 kg
15 mg vs insulin
Source sentences
Summary
Tirzepatide produced dose-dependent weight reductions versus insulin (MD -14.5 kg for 15 mg; -12.5 kg for 10 mg; -10.2 kg for 5 mg; all p < 0.0001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092701
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, tirzepatide 10 mg reduced weight by 12.5 kg versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes or obesity, tirzepatide 10 mg reduced weight more than insulin did.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight change versus insulin, 10 mg
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 mgAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
mean difference
−12.5 kg
10 mg vs insulin
Source sentences
Summary
Tirzepatide produced dose-dependent weight reductions versus insulin (MD -14.5 kg for 15 mg; -12.5 kg for 10 mg; -10.2 kg for 5 mg; all p < 0.0001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092702
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, tirzepatide 5 mg reduced weight by 10.2 kg versus insulin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes or obesity, tirzepatide 5 mg reduced weight more than insulin did.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight change versus insulin, 5 mg
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
5 mgAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
mean difference
−10.2 kg
5 mg vs insulin
Source sentences
Summary
Tirzepatide produced dose-dependent weight reductions versus insulin (MD -14.5 kg for 15 mg; -12.5 kg for 10 mg; -10.2 kg for 5 mg; all p < 0.0001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092703
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
The likelihood of 15% or more weight loss was significantly higher with tirzepatide 15 mg (RR 4.83).
In plain wordsTirzepatide 15 mg made weight loss of 15% or more far more likely.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseLikelihood of 15% or more weight loss
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
15 mgAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
RR
4.83
15 mg
Source sentences
Summary
The likelihood of ≥15% weight loss (RR 4.83 for 15 mg), HbA1c reduction (MD -12.6 mmol/mol), and normoglycemia (RR 11.3) was significantly higher with tirzepatide.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092704
05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
HbA1c reduction was significantly greater with tirzepatide (MD -12.6 mmol/mol).
In plain wordsTirzepatide lowered HbA1c more than the comparators.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c reduction
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
mean difference
−12.6 mmol/mol
HbA1c
Source sentences
Summary
HbA1c reduction (MD -12.6 mmol/mol), and normoglycemia (RR 11.3) was significantly higher with tirzepatide.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092705
06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
The likelihood of normoglycemia was significantly higher with tirzepatide (RR 11.3).
In plain wordsTirzepatide made normal blood sugar much more likely.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseNormoglycemia
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
RR
11.3
normoglycemia
Source sentences
Summary
and normoglycemia (RR 11.3) was significantly higher with tirzepatide.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092706
07HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
Tirzepatide caused fewer serious adverse events than insulin (RR 0.71-0.77).
In plain wordsTirzepatide caused fewer serious side effects than insulin.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseSerious adverse events versus insulin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
RR
0.71 to 0.77
serious adverse events vs insulin
Source sentences
Summary
Safety analyses showed fewer serious adverse events (RR 0.71-0.77)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092707
08HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
Tirzepatide caused less hypoglycemia than insulin (RR 0.44-0.50).
In plain wordsTirzepatide caused less low blood sugar than insulin.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
DecreaseHypoglycemia versus insulin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
RR
0.44 to 0.5
hypoglycemia vs insulin
Source sentences
Summary
and hypoglycemia (RR 0.44-0.50) than insulin, but more gastrointestinal events.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092708
09HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
Tirzepatide caused more gastrointestinal events than insulin.
In plain wordsTirzepatide caused more stomach and gut side effects than insulin.
Peptide
Tirzepatide
Outcome
IncreaseGastrointestinal events versus insulin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
than insulin, but more gastrointestinal events.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Trials comparing tirzepatide (5, 10, or 15 mg weekly) with placebo, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity were included.
Report a problemFND-4120092709

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords

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